基层经济治理、减负激励与就业促进效应——基于“强镇扩权”试点的证据  

Local Economic Governance,Burden Reduction Incentives and Employment Promotion Effect:Evidence from the Pilot Policy of“Empowering Township Devolution”

作　　者：彭飞[1,2] 王琛 王争 吴华清[1] PENG Fei;WANG Chen;WANG Zheng;WU Huaqing(School of Economics,Hefei University of Technology;Industrial Information and Economic Research Center,Hefei University of Technology;School of Business,University of Dundee)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学经济学院 [2]合肥工业大学工业信息与经济研究中心 [3]英国邓迪大学商学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2024年第9期5-25,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(72273038);国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA064);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(JZ2023HGPA0295)的资助。

摘　　要：提升基层政府经济治理能力对于激发市场活力与稳定就业大局具有重要意义。为了探究基层经济治理的就业促进效果,本文创新地以县级政府对乡镇政府自主权的一种放松干预为识别依据,以中国首批“强镇扩权”试点改革为准自然实验,基于工业企业与乡镇区位信息匹配数据,运用双重差分模型进行了实证检验。研究发现,基层经济治理能力提升显著促进了企业就业规模扩大,但就业促进效应主要体现在民营和大型企业中,并且在县级经济分权、财政分权、金融分权和贸易开放水平较高的地区呈现显著的协同治理效果。对传导机制的分析表明,“强镇扩权”改革提升了基层经济治理能力,减轻了企业税收成本、交易成本和融资成本,激发了企业市场活力,进而扩大了就业规模。本文从基层经济治理赋能角度揭示了促进就业的制度激励成因,拓展了分权—集权的经济效应研究。研究结论为新发展阶段健全省以下财政体制改革、提升经济治理效能与推动高质量充分就业提供了决策参考。A stable and efficient labor market is an important driving force for building China’s modern economic system.In the face of multiple challenges such as slowing economic growth and a complex and volatile external environment,stimulating market vitality is imperative to stabilizing growth,promoting employment,and achieving economic governance.Under the prospect of promoting the modernization of national governance capacity,the county,as the cornerstone of grassroots government governance,is an important subject for stabilizing the overall employment goal.However,only a few studies have focused on the impact of the reform of the“county-township”grassroots fiscal system and the reform of the administrative management system.Based on the matched data of industrial enterprises and townships’location information,this study adopts the difference-in-differences model to assess the employment-promoting effect of the pilot policy of“Empowering Township Devolution”—a program that aims to empower grassroots government economic governance.The results reveal that grassroots government economic governance empowerment significantly enhances employment.The employment-boosting effect is particularly prominent among private and large firms,and there are significant synergistic governance effects in areas with higher levels of economic,fiscal,and financial decentralization,as well as trade openness at the county level.Mechanism analysis reveals that enhancing grassroots government economic governance significantly reduces enterprise tax costs,transaction costs,and financing costs;stimulates market vitality;and thus promotes employment.The contributions of this study are as follows.First,this study expands the theoretical perspective of employment promotion.While existing studies have discussed the role of fiscal and tax system reform in stimulating market vitality,this study reveals the employment promotion effect of the economic governance capacity of grassroots government,filling a gap in the theoretical research and

关 键 词：基层经济治理 减负激励 就业规模 “强镇扩权” 市场活力 

分 类 号：F812.7[经济管理—财政学]