数据跨境流通规则博弈与中国应对  

The Game of Data Cross-border Flow Governance Rules and China's Response

作　　者：郭朝先[1] 李婷 罗芳[2] GUO Chao-xian;LI Ting;LUO Fang(Institute of Industrial Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China;Research Center for Applied Economics,Jiangxi University of Fashion,Nanchang 330201,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院工业经济研究所,北京市100006 [2]江西服装学院应用经济研究中心,江西南昌330201

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2024年第9期27-38,共12页China Business and Market

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“新技术革命背景下全球创新链的调整及其影响研究”(19AJY013);中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目“国际竞争规则变化对我国数字经济国际竞争力影响研究”(23ZKJC054);中国社会科学院学科建设“登峰战略”资助计划“区域经济学”(DF2023ZD24)。

摘　　要：如何安全有效促进数据跨境流通和赢得数据跨境流通治理话语权主导权,成为各国博弈的焦点。当前,受各国数据治理理念,核心利益诉求,深层次个人数据安全、国家数据主权、数据跨境自由流通不可兼得的“三元悖论”以及传统数据治理手段制约,国际数据跨境流通领域形成多元治理机制并存、多套治理模板竞争、多轮博弈持续演进的博弈态势,以及数据跨境流通治理碎片化割裂化的局面。当前,我国以国家安全与数据跨境有序自由流动并重为基本特征的数据跨境流通治理主张,不仅契合我国发展实际,而且符合大多数发展中国家的愿望。总体而言,数据跨境流通治理中国方案是一种合意的数据跨境流通治理方案,但在具体实践中我国数据跨境流通治理依然存在一些短板,如有些规定不太合理导致企业数据跨境流通操作成本高、数据跨境流通治理参与度低导致数据跨境流通互操作性较差、与国际高标准数字经贸规则存在衔接障碍等,同时面临国际上异样的声音,甚至存在被污名化、被打压的风险,不利于数据跨境流通治理中国方案效力与国际影响力的提升。为在数据跨境流通治理领域赢得话语权主导权、推进数据跨境流通国际治理,我国应坚持多边主义,推动以联合国和WTO为主导的国际机制建设;推进“数字丝绸之路”建设,扩大中国方案影响力;加强双多边合作,增强数据跨境流通互操作性;对接高标准数字经贸规则,提高数据跨境流通治理能力。How to promote the cross-border flow of data safely and effectively and win the discourse power and dominance of related governance have become the focus of the game among countries.At present,the current landscape of international cross-border data flow governance is characterized by coexisting polytype regulatory mechanisms,competing regulatory frameworks,and ongoing rounds of negotiation,which has led to a fragmented and disjointed governance scenario.Fundamentally,this stems from divergent data governance ideologies among countries,discrepancies in core interests,and the inherent"trilemma"where personal data security,national data sovereignty,and unfettered cross-border data movement cannot be simultaneously achieved,compounded by limitations of conventional data governance approaches.At present,China's proposition for governing cross-border data flows,emphasizing both"national security"and the"orderly free flow of data",not only aligns with China's developmental realities,but also resonates with the aspirations of many developing countries.In summary,the"China Solution"for cross-border data flow governance is a desirable framework.Nonetheless,in practical application,there are shortcomings in China's approach,including unreasonable regulations that increase operational costs for businesses engaging in cross-border data flow,limited interoperability due to weaker participation in cross-border data flow governance,difficulties in aligning with high-standard digital trade rules,the challenge of facing dissenting voices internationally,and risking being stigmatized or suppressed,which undermine the effectiveness and international influence of the"China Solution".To gain a dominant position and advance international governance of cross-border data flows,China must,first,adhere to multilateralism and promote an international coordination mechanism under the aegis of the United Nations and World Trade Organization;second,we must leverage the construction of"Digital Silk Road"to promote"China Solution";third,we must

关 键 词：数据跨境流通 数据流通治理规则 数据安全 中国方案 

分 类 号：F744[经济管理—国际贸易]