欧洲移民问题安全化解析  

The Securitization of Migration in Europe

作　　者：冯怡然 黄静[2] Feng Yiran;Huang Jing

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学区域与全球治理高等研究院 [2]中国现代国际关系研究院欧洲所

出　　处：《国家安全研究》2024年第4期109-127,159,共20页China security studies

摘　　要：二战结束后,欧洲移民问题经历了多次转向,其安全化转向大约始于20世纪八、九十年代。极右排外势力上升、两极格局瓦解、全球化加速、全球反恐战争、欧洲地区危机等是导致欧洲移民问题安全化的原因。虽然在反恐和全球化的大背景下,各国移民问题都出现了安全化趋势,但欧洲的移民问题安全化更体现“欧洲特色”:一是争论格外激烈;二是参与其中的行为体更为复杂和多元;三是与欧盟的周边治理紧密相关。移民问题安全化虽然有助于欧盟和欧洲国家强力介入移民问题,但并不能从根本上解决移民给欧洲带来的深层次挑战。为了应对移民问题,未来欧洲将在各种政治立场中走“中间道路”,重构欧洲内部空间,发展出应对恐袭风险的社会心理机制,并力主移民问题多边化。Since the end of World War Ⅱ, the narrative about migration in Europe has undergone multiple turns. The ongoing turn toward securitization began around the 1980s and 1990s. The rise of the extreme right, the disintegration of the bipolar world, the acceleration of globalization, the “war on terror,” and the crisis that hit Europe have all contributed to the securitization of migration in the continent. Despite having become a worldwide trend in the current context of globalization and anti-terrorism efforts, the securitization of migration in Europe has exhibited distinctive “European characteristics”: particularly intense controversy;a more complicated and more diversified range of actors;and a close link with governance in the European Union's peripheral regions. Admittedly, securitizing migration has helped Europe take assertive action on the issue. However, doing so cannot resolve the deep-rooted challenges that migration brings for Europe. To solve the migration issue, Europe needs to find a “middle way” between various political stances, reconstruct its internal structure, develop psychosocial mechanisms that can withstand the risk of terrorist attacks, and promote “multilateralization” of migration governance.

关 键 词：欧盟 移民 安全化 难民危机 全球治理 

分 类 号：D523.8[政治法律—政治学] D75[政治法律—国际政治]