采样密度和插值方法对地下水水质空间分布的影响  

Influence of Different Sample Well Densities and Interpolation Methods on the Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Quality

作　　者：孙峰 卢洪健 毛萌 郭睿 阮琼瑶 SUN Feng;LU Hongjian;MAO Meng;GUO Rui;RUAN Qiongyao(Information Center(Hydrology and Water Resources Monitoring and Forecasting Center),The Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China,Beijing 100053,China;College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(North China),MARA,Technology Innovation Center of Land Engineering,MNR,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]水利部信息中心(水利部水文水资源监测预报中心),北京100053 [2]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,农业农村部华北耕地保育重点实验室,自然资源部土地工程技术创新中心,北京100193

出　　处：《应用基础与工程科学学报》2024年第4期1067-1079,共13页Journal of Basic Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3200501);国家自然科学基金项目(U2040211)。

摘　　要：地下水水质空间分布评价结果受到采样密度和空间插值方法的影响较大.为确定最优的插值方法和采样密度,应用普通克里金法、反距离权重法和径向基函数法3种空间插值方法,评估了山东省菏泽市地下水中的氯化物、硫酸盐和钠离子浓度的空间分布,比较了不同插值方法计算结果的精度;分析了不同采样密度条件下(5眼/10^(3)km^(2)、4眼/10^(3)km^(2)、3眼井/10^(3)km^(2))地下水组分浓度水质类别对应的面积差异.结果表明:在地下水监测井分布比较均匀的菏泽市,采用普通克里金法插值得到的地下水中氯化物、硫酸盐和钠离子浓度的精度均最高;对地下水水质进行类别评价时,监测井密度不少于4眼/10^(3)km^(2),评价结果具有较高的可靠性;2019年山东省菏泽市地下水氯化物、硫酸盐和钠离子评价为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类的面积分别为6868.0km^(2)、8125.75km^(2)和4770km^(2),Ⅳ~Ⅴ类超标面积分别为5299.5km^(2)、4041.75km^(2)和7397.50km^(2).Different sample well densities and interpolation methods significantly affect the spatial variability assessment of groundwater quality.The methods of inverse distance weighted(IDW),ordinary Kriging and radial basis function(RBF)were applied to predict the spatial concentration of 3 chemicals(chloride,sulphate,sodium)in the groundwater of Heze City in order to select an appropriate interpolation method producing a reliable map.The mean errors,mean relative errors and root mean square errors were compared to assess the best-fit interpolation method.The results show that in the study area with evenly distributed groundwater sample wells,the ordinary Kriging method gives optimum prediction results for all 3 involved chemicals.The areas of 5 groundwater quality grades were estimated for different sample well densities namely:5 wells,4 wells and 3 wells/10^(3)km^(2).The estimated grade areas with Kriging method have less differences when the prediction results are interpolated with the density of 4 wells per 10^(3)km^(2)or above.The estimated areas ofⅠ~Ⅲgrade for chloride,sulphate,sodium in the groundwater of Heze City in 2019 are 6868.0km^(2),8125.75km^(2)and 4770km^(2)while the areas of over the third grade limitations are 5299.5km^(2),4041.75km^(2)and 7397.50km^(2)respectively.A thorough understanding of the groundwater quality status in the case study area is a significant tool for water resources management and decision-makers.

关 键 词：地下水水质评价 空间插值 采样密度 克里金法 径向基函数法 反距离权重法 插值精度 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]