明中都城基址的三次变更  

Three Planned Base Site Schemes of Zhongdu City in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：刘欣 夏玉润 Liu Xin;Xia Yurun

机构地区：[1]凤阳县博物馆,安徽凤阳233100 [2]中国明史学会

出　　处：《滁州学院学报》2024年第3期1-7,13,共8页Journal of Chuzhou University

摘　　要：自洪武二年九月癸卯朱元璋诏令于临濠营建中都后,明中都城基址的确定曾有过三套方案。第一套方案公布于洪武五年正月甲戌,“周围四十五里”。这是一套符合《周礼·考工记》理想化的方案,基址基本呈正方形。洪武五年七月甲寅,随着观星台在独山的营建,于是将中都城东侧的独山、西南角的凤凰嘴山包绕在城内,从而形成第二套方案。该套方案中的都城基址呈长方形,其西南伸出一角,称“凤凰嘴”。都城的中轴线与中心线分离。第一套、第二套方案均开十二门。罢建中都后,十二座城门仅修筑九座,从而形成第三套方案。由于该方案草草完工,原先规划的砖墙、瓮城等都城城墙、城门制度等均未完全实施。Zhu Yuanzhang,the first emperor of Ming dynasty,issued an imperial edict to build the capital of Zhongdu City in September of the second year of the Hongwu reign.There were three schemes to determine the capital base site.The first set of plans was announced in the first lunar month of the fifth year of the Hongwu reign,and it is a square with side length of 14 miles,which was an idealized imperial city.The second one was announced in July of the fifth year of the Hongwu reign.With the construction of the Star Observatory in Dushan,Dushan Mountain in the east and Fenghuangzui Mountain in the southwest of the city were included inside the capital,thus forming a second set of plans.The capital base in the scheme is rectangular,with a corner extending out to the southwest,called the“Phoenix mouth”.The central axis of the capital is separated from the central line.The first set and the second set of plans had planned to open twelve doors.After the end of the construction of the capital,only nine of the twelve gates were built,thus forming the third plan.Due to the hasty completion of the program,the original planning of the brick wall and the gate system was not fully implemented.

关 键 词：明中都 基址 三套方案 尺度 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]