微细粒煤泥浮选分离强化方法及技术研究进展  

Research progress on methods and technologies for enhancing flotation separation of fine coal slime

作　　者：王学霞 于梅 王烨敏 马超 卜祥宁 WANG Xuexia;YU Mei;WANG Yemin;MA Chao;BU Xiangning(Department of Mining Engineering,Shanxi Institute of Technology,Yangquan 045000,China;Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization(Ministry of Education),China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou221116,China;School of Chemical Engineering and Technology,China University of Mining&Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China)

机构地区：[1]山西工程技术学院矿业工程系,山西阳泉045000 [2]中国矿业大学煤炭加工与高效洁净利用教育部重点实验室,江苏徐州221116 [3]中国矿业大学化工学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《洁净煤技术》2024年第8期185-202,共18页Clean Coal Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52204296);山西省基础研究计划(自由探索类)青年资助项目(202303021212311);山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划资助项目(202314527004)。

摘　　要：制约微细粒煤泥高效浮选回收的主要瓶颈问题是微细粒煤泥自身性质导致的颗粒与气泡矿化效率低,但黏土矿物夹杂污染、浮选泡沫性质和捕收剂性能等因素的影响同样不可忽视。为了解微细粒煤泥浮选强化方法及技术研究进展,首先介绍了微细煤泥浮选分离难的原因,其次从增大颗粒表观粒径、减小气泡尺寸、强化流场调节、捕收剂优化、浮选设备改进、浮选工艺创新和矿浆预处理等7方面进行综述,最后深入探讨不同浮选分离强化方法及技术的优劣势。为克服微细粒煤泥自身质量小的影响,絮凝浮选是常见的增大颗粒表观粒径技术,其浮选强化效果显著但药剂选择性及成本问题不可忽视;载体浮选与超声驻波团聚均具备较好的潜力但目前尚处于实验室研究阶段。为提高颗粒与气泡碰撞概率,减小气泡尺寸是有效的手段,其中纳米气泡浮选技术在显著提高微细煤泥回收率的同时能有效降低药剂用量。强化流场调节同样是关注到颗粒与气泡的碰撞、粘附概率的影响,以湍流强化为手段有效促进了浮选指标的提升。捕收剂优化是从降低药剂成本、提高药剂选择性角度出发,其研究点主要有改善传统药剂分散性、引入极性基团、新型药剂设计等。其中药剂乳化、捕收剂替代品、复配型捕收剂及新型纳米粒子捕收剂等均不同程度地呈现了良好的强化效果,但其制备成本及可能对环境造成的影响是其亟待解决的问题。此外,针对微细粒煤泥分离挑战,目的矿物高效矿化和脉石矿物有效抑制是浮选设备优化的核心突破点;多次浮选和分级浮选是解决微细粒分选不彻底的主要工艺创新改进;分级调浆、超声波及高剪切等预处理强化技术有效地改善药剂和矿浆均匀性及药剂和煤粒的碰撞概率,从而强化浮选分离效果。在以上不同浮选分离强化方法及技术中,絮凝浮选�The main bottleneck restricting the efficient flotation recovery of fine coal slime is the low mineralization efficiency of particles and bubbles caused by the properties of fine coal slime itself,but the influence of factors such as clay mineral entrainment pollution,foam properties,and collector performance cannot be ignored.To understand the latest research progress on methods and technologies for enhancing flotation separation of fine coal slime,firstly,the reasons for the difficulty in flotation separation of fine coal slime were introduced.Secondly,seven aspects including increasing apparent particle size,reducing bubble size,strengthening flow field regulation,optimizing collector performance,improving flotation equipment,innovating flotation processes,and pretreating slurry were reviewed comprehensively.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of different enhancing methods and technologies of flotation separation were also deeply explored.To overcome the impact of the small mass of fine coal slime,flocculation flotation is a common technique to increase the apparent particle size of particles.Its flotation enhancement performance is significant,while the selectivity and cost of reagents need to be considered.Both carrier flotation and ultrasonic standing-wave agglomeration have good potential,but they are currently in the laboratory research stage.Reducing the bubble size is an effective means to improve the collision probability between particles and bubbles.The nanobubble flotation technology can significantly improve the recovery rate of fine coal slime and effectively reduce the dosage of reagents.The probability of collision and adhesion between particles and bubbles can also be improved by strengthening the flow field regulation.Turbulence enhancement can effectively promote the improvement of flotation index.The optimization of collectors is aimed at reducing the cost of reagents and improving the selectivity of reagents.The main research points include improving the dispersibility of traditional

关 键 词：微细粒煤泥 浮选强化 增大颗粒表观粒径 减小气泡尺寸 流场强化 捕收剂优化 设备及工艺改进 

分 类 号：TD923[矿业工程—选矿]