三峡水库及长江上游水库群联合调度航运发展需求及潜力研究  

Demands and Potentials of Shipping Development under Joint Regulation of Three Gorges and Upstream Cascade Reservoirs on Yangtze River

作　　者：郑力 刘怀汉 ZHENG Li;LIU Huaihan(Changjiang Waterway Survey and Design Institute(Wuhan)Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan 430042,China;National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Wuhan 430010,China;Changjiang Waterway Bureau,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江航道勘察设计院(武汉)有限公司,武汉430042 [2]国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,武汉430010 [3]长江航道局,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2024年第4期58-65,共8页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

摘　　要：水库蓄水导致上游水位的抬升和下游最小下泄流量的增大,直接提升了河道通航水位,为航道尺度的提高奠定了基础。同时,枢纽拦蓄上游泥沙、清水下泄也导致了上游库尾回水末端淤积、下游河床冲刷及滩槽稳定性变差等问题,不利于航道条件的长期持续稳定。在全面发挥已有枢纽水资源调配作用的情况下,结合大规模航道治理,长江干线航道基本可实现“十四五”规划目标,但由于清水下泄,河道冲刷引起下游水位的下降,按照目前三峡水库最小下泄流量,2025年后航道维护疏浚方量将显著增加。2025—2030年,三峡水库需加大枯水期最小下泄流量至6150~6500 m^(3)/s,以保障下游砂卵石河段航道水位的稳定。上游水库联合调度适当增大下泄流量,可显著降低宜宾至重庆段航道尺度提升的难度。通过水库群优化调度,延长特定流量级持续时间,可降低航道日常维护的难度。The rise of upstream water level induced by large reservoir impoundment and the increase of downstream minimum discharge directly raise the navigation water level,laying a foundation for the improvement of channel scale.However,upstream sediment retention and clear water discharge cause siltation at reservoir tail,downstream riverbed erosion,and channel stability deterioration,unfavorable for waterway stability.Given the existing water resource allocation and large-scale waterway regulation efforts,the shipping targets outlined in the“14th Five-Year Plan”can be basically achieved.Nevertheless,the downstream water level decline caused by clear water discharge and riverbed erosion will significantly increase the dredging volume of the waterway after 2025,according to the current minimum discharge flow.It is estimated that from 2025 to 2030,the Three Gorges Reservoir needs to increase the minimum discharge to a range between 6150 and 6500 m^(3)/s to ensure the stability of the downstream sandy gravel channel water level.Properly increasing discharge flow from upstream reservoirs can significantly ease the difficulty of channel scale improvement in Yibin-Chongqing section.In addition,optimizing reservoir operations and extending the duration of specific flow levels can reduce the difficulty of daily waterway maintenance.

关 键 词：长江航运 梯级水库 联合调度 航道尺度 水资源调配 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]