空时联合的声学测高测流阵列海浪方向谱估计  

Ocean wave directional spectrum estimation using spatio-temporal array of acoustic ranging and current measurement

作　　者：饶亮 邓锴[1,3] 张兆伟 王长红 RAO Liang;DENG Kai;ZHANG Zhaowei;WANG Changhong(Institute of Acoustics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Ocean Acoustic Equipment,Beijing 100190)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院声学研究所,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]北京市海洋声学装备工程技术研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《声学学报》2024年第5期1019-1029,共11页Acta Acustica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2800200);中国科学院声学研究所自主部署前沿探索项目(QYTS202002)资助。

摘　　要：提出了一种空时联合的声学测高测流阵列海浪方向谱估计方法,使用五波束声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)构建声学海表跟踪测高、声学多普勒测流速分时采样的空间阵列进行海浪方向谱估计。依据线性波浪理论和时空等效性原理,提出适用于空时阵列的时间空间传递函数,在协方差矩阵中补偿时间延迟项,减小方向谱估计误差。仿真结果表明:在0 dB至5 dB低信噪比时,相比于同步四波束阵列法,此方法的方向谱谱峰估计值均方根误差更小。海试结果表明:五波束空时联合阵列法相比于同步四波束阵列法,估得方向谱峰度从2.31提升至2.80,小波浪组次谱峰波向结果与浮标结果的相关系数从0.80提升至0.83。同时,空时联合法能提升测波自由度、减小阵列最小孔径,提高了可估方向谱的上限截止频率。An approach to estimate ocean wave directional spectrum using spatio-temporal array of acoustic ranging and current measurement is proposed,and the five-beam acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP)constructs a spatio-temporal array of acoustic ocean surface elevation tracking and acoustic Doppler current velocity measuring for directional wave observation.Based on the linear wave theory and the space-time equivalence principle,the time-space transfer function applicable to the spatio-temporal array is proposed,and then the time delay term is compensated in the calculation of the covariance matrix.This method can reduce the error of the directional spectrum estimation.Simulation results show that for the low signal-to-noise ratio from 0 dB to 5 dB,compared with the four-beam synchronous array method,this method has a smaller root-mean-square error of the peak estimation of the directional spectrum.The field test shows that,compared with the four-beam synchronous array method,the five-beam spatiotemporal array method improves the kurtosis index of the directional spectrum from 2.31 to 2.80,and the correlation coefficient between the peak wave direction results of the ADCP and the buoy is increased from 0.80 to 0.83 in mild wave condition.Furthermore,the spatio-temporal array method can increase the degree of freedom of wave measurement,reduce the minimum aperture of the array,and increase the upper cut-off frequency of the estimable directional spectrum.

关 键 词：波浪方向谱 声学多普勒测速 声学测距 空时阵列 方向谱估计 

分 类 号：P714.1[天文地球—海洋科学]