氢能机车内燃机涡轮的设计与FEM分析  

Design and FEM Analysis of Internal Combustion Engine Turbine for Hydrogen Locomotive

作　　者：赵永霞 苗莉 Zhao Yongxia;Miao Li(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Lanzhou Bowen University of Science and Technology,Lanzhou 730100,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州博文科技学院机电工程学院,兰州730100

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2024年第8期224-228,共5页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

基　　金：甘肃省科技计划基金(201950KG0232)。

摘　　要：“双碳”目标下氢能机车研发迫在眉睫。内燃机涡轮作为氢能内燃机的关键部件,直接影响氢能机车的动力输出和燃氢效率。通过离心涡轮三维建模和气动性能设计,对叶轮应力和涡壳包容性进行了分析,并采用MATLAB软件借助哈里斯鹰优化算法(HHO)对结构进行优化。依据现有主流700 kW氢能调车机车完成了一二级涡轮三维设计和CFD数值仿真。分析了一级涡轮叶片平面压力分布及不同叶高下的压力、平面流线、密度场及温度场,结果均符合使用要求,但需要优化;分析了二级涡轮叶片平面流线、密度场及温度场,结果表明二级涡轮设计较佳;采用LS-DYNA软件对涡轮开展了包容性仿真,结果证明设计安全性合理。在叶轮意外破裂的情况下,叶轮碎块不会击穿蜗壳对周边环境产生破坏;在最大化额定工况下完成了Kriging模型结合哈里斯鹰算法的多目标多参数优化,得到了最终优化参数,对比优化前后叶道静熵、叶轮子午面流速、叶轮子午面静熵,结果表明一级涡轮的等熵效率提高了5.3%,二级涡轮的等熵效率提高了4.9%。The research and development of hydrogen locomotive is imminent under the target of"carbon peaking and carbon neutrality"goals.As the key component of hydrogen internal combustion engine,the turbine of internal combustion engine directly affects the power output and hydrogen combustion efficiency of hydrogen locomotive.The impeller stress and the volute containment are analyzed through the 3D modeling and aerodynamic performance design of the centrifugal turbine,and the structure is optimized by using the Harris Hawk Optimization in MATLAB.Based on the existing mainstream 700 kW hydrogen shunting locomotive,the 3D design of the first and second stage turbines is completed,together with their numerical simulations on CFD.The plane pressure distribution of the first stage turbine blade,and the pressure,plane streamline,density field and temperature field under different blade heights are analyzed,and they are all in line with the requirements,but need to be optimized.The plane streamline,density field and temperature field of the second stage turbine blade are analyzed,which shows that the design of the second stage turbine is better;LS-DYNA software is used to complete the inclusive simulation of the turbine,the results show that the design is safe and reasonable.In the case of accidental rupture of the impeller,the fragments will not break through the volute and cause damage to the surrounding environment.The multi-objective and multi-parameter optimization is completed with Kriging model combined with Harris Hawk algorithm under the maximum rated condition,and the final optimization parameters are obtained.The static entropy of the blade channel,the flow velocity in the meridional plane of the impeller,and the static entropy in the meridional plane of the impeller are compared before and after the optimization,and the isentropic efficiency of the first-stage turbine is found increased by 5.3%,and the isentropic efficiency of the second-stage turbine is increased by 4.9%.

关 键 词：氢能机车 涡轮 设计 有限元 

分 类 号：U270.2[机械工程—车辆工程]