基于压电效应的压电式传感器特性研究  

Study on Characteristics of Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Piezoelectric Effect

作　　者：王稳稳 杨文慧 蒙蕊蕊 张义 李佳宾 张生艳 Wang Wenwen;Yang Wenhui;Meng Ruirui;Zhang Yi;Li Jiabin;Zhang Shengyan(Gansu Electric Apparatus Research Institute,Tianshui,Gansu 741018,China;State Grid Tianshui Qinzhou District Power Supply Company,Tianshui,Gansu 741007,China;State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Economic and Technological Research Institute,Yinchuan 750001,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃电器科学研究院,甘肃天水741018 [2]国网天水市秦州区供电公司,甘肃天水741007 [3]国网宁夏电力经济技术研究院,银川750001

出　　处：《机电工程技术》2024年第8期292-295,共4页Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Technology

摘　　要：高压铁塔作为输电线路的支撑部件,能够承受输电线路的重量和风力等外力,确保电力系统安全可靠运行,但铁塔在遭受强风、地震等自然灾害或者由于结构老化、材料疲劳等原因,可能发生倒塌,造成人员伤亡和财产损失。针对这一问题,从压电式传感器的压电效应入手,对压电式传感器机理、微观特性及仿真分析等方面进行研究。首先,分析了传感器的测量原理;然后,从压电元件在压力载荷下的应变、压电材料的正负电荷中心偏移、压电元件表面的电荷积累3个方面剖析了压电元件的微观特性;接着,基于COMSOL机电-耦合多物理场进行仿真分析,可直观地观察到不同模态下的应变和电场分布云图,定量地表述了应变和电场之间的关系;最后,从铁塔安全监管的视角,设计了一款基于压电式传感器的安全预警系统,可实现对高压铁塔的全天候实时监测。As a supporting component of transmission lines,high-voltage iron towers can withstand the weight of transmission lines and external forces such as wind,ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the power system.However,in the event of natural disasters such as strong winds and earthquakes,or due to structural aging,material fatigue,and other reasons,iron towers may collapse,causing casualties and property damage.To address this issue,starting from the piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric sensors,research is conducted on the mechanism,microscopic characteristics and simulation analysis of piezoelectric sensors.Firstly,the measurement principle of the sensor is analyzed.Then,the microscopic characteristics of piezoelectric components are analyzed from three aspects:strain under pressure load,offset of positive and negative charge centers of piezoelectric materials,and charge accumulation on the surface of piezoelectric components.Then,based on COMSOL electromechanical coupling multi physical field simulation analysis,the strain and electric field distribution cloud maps under different modes can be intuitively observed,and the relationship between strain and electric field can be quantitatively expressed.Finally,from the perspective of tower safety supervision,a safety warning system based on piezoelectric sensors is designed,which can achieve real-time monitoring of high-voltage towers.

关 键 词：压电式传感器 压电效应 微观特性 机-电耦合 安全预警 

分 类 号：TP212.1[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]