贵州秋季暴雨时空分布特征及其与大气环流的关系  

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Autumn Rainstorm in Guizhou and Its Relationship with Atmospheric Circulation

作　　者：谢清霞 周明飞 杨秀庄 魏涛 罗敬 XIE Qingxia;ZHOU Mingfei;YANG Xiuzhuang;WEI Tao;LUO Jing(Guizhou Provincial Meteorological Observatory,Guiyang 550002,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省气象台,贵阳550002

出　　处：《高原山地气象研究》2024年第2期68-74,共7页Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research

基　　金：中国气象局复盘总结专项(FPZJ2024-120);贵州省气象局省市联合基金项目(黔气科合SS[2023]36号)。

摘　　要：利用2010—2021年NCEP/NCAR月平均再分析数据和贵州省84个地面气象观测台站9—11月逐日降水数据,分析贵州秋季暴雨的时空变化特征,并探讨其与大气环流的关系。结果表明:(1)近10 a来,贵州秋季暴雨主要发生在9—10月,其中9月最多,11月没有;暴雨频次和持续时间整体呈明显上升趋势,均具有3 a的周期振荡特征,2020年秋季暴雨持续时间最长、范围最大且强度最强,2012年秋季暴雨过程次数、影响范围和持续时间均最少。(2)贵州秋季暴雨高发区和累计降雨量高值区分布基本一致,高值中心主要集中在中西部地区,低值中心主要集中在东南部和西北部,其中降雨量高值中心也出现在东北部边缘。(3)贵州位于高层南亚高压(东部型)北侧,中层西太平洋副热带高压的西北侧。低层中西部地区主要受来自西太平洋和南海的东南暖湿气流影响,充沛的水汽有利于暴雨形成;而其余地区为大陆小高压后部的东南气流,地面受弱冷空气影响,不利于暴雨形成。Based on the monthly average reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR and the daily precipitation data from 84 surface observation stations in Guizhou Province from September to November during 2010—2021,the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of rainstorm in boreal autumn were analyzed,and the relationship between the rainstorm and atmospheric circulation was investigated.The results show that:(1)In the past 10 years,the rainstorm of Guizhou mainly occurred from September to October,with the most in September,and never in November.Moreover,the frequency and duration showed a significant upward trend on the whole,with a 3-year periodic vibration.In 2020,the duration was the longest,the range was the largest and the intensity was the strongest,while in 2012,the frequency,range of influence and duration of the process were the least.(2)The frequent occurrence area of rainstorm was mainly located in the central and western of Guizhou Province,which was consistent with the distribution of accumulated precipitation,and the low value centers are mainly concentrated in the southeast and northwest Guizhou.Also,the maximum centers of the extreme rainfall were mainly distributed in the middle west and the northeastern margin.(3)Guizhou is located on the northern side of the upper South Asian High(eastern type)as well as the northwestern side of the Western Pacific Subtropical High.The central and western regions are mainly affected by the warm and moist air from the Western Pacific and the South China Sea,and the abundant water vapor is conducive to the formation of heavy rain.The rest of the area is dominated by the southeast flow from the rear of the continental high pressure,the ground is influenced by the weak cold air,which is not conducive to the formation of rainstorm.

关 键 词：贵州 秋季暴雨 时空分布特征 大气环流 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]