重庆夏季气温和降水的周末效应初探  

Preliminary Study on Weekend Effect of Summer Temperature and Precipitation in Chongqing

作　　者：白莹莹 唐红玉[1] 张焱 BAI Yingying;TANG Hongyu;ZHANG Yan(Economic Transformation of Climate Resources Key Laboratory,China Meteorological Administration/Chongqing Climate Centre,Chongqing 401147,China;Chongqing Meteorological Observatory,Chongqing 401147,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室/重庆市气候中心,重庆401147 [2]重庆市气象台,重庆401147

出　　处：《高原山地气象研究》2024年第2期98-102,共5页Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research

基　　金：重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新专项(cstc2017shmsA20012);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0558);重庆市气象部门业务技术攻关项目(YWJSGG-202136)。

摘　　要：利用重庆地区1961—2021年逐日气象观测资料和2014—2021年大气污染物监测数据,定量分析了平均气温和降水频次的周内变化特征,并探讨其可能成因。结果表明:近60 a,重庆气温一致表现为负周末效应,即周末气温低于工作日,周内峰值出现在周三,谷值在周末;降水频次则与气温相反,绝大部分地区表现为正周末效应,即周末降水频次高于工作日,谷值出现在周三,峰值在周末。从气溶胶作用看,气溶胶浓度周末少于工作日,有利于周末气温低于工作日;气溶胶浓度工作日大于周末,由于气溶胶的第二类间接效应,人为的气溶胶增加而引起的辐射强迫作用,从而抑制降水,有利于工作日降水少于周末。从城市化角度看,随着城市化进程的加快,人类活动对城市气候的影响主要体现在工作日与周末的差异进一步扩大,使得工作日和周末气温和降水的差异更为显著,加剧了重庆气候的周末效应。Using the daily meteorological observation data of Chongqing from 1961 to 2021,the weekly changes of the average temperature and precipitation frequency in Chongqing were objectively and quantitatively analyzed.It is found that the temperature consistently shows a negative weekend effect,that is,the temperature on the weekends is lower than that on the working days,the peak value appears on Wednesdays and the valley value appears on the weekends.The frequency of precipitation is opposite to the temperature,most areas show a positive weekend effect,that is,the frequency of weekend precipitation is higher than that of working days,the valley value appears on Wednesdays and the peak value appears on the weekends.From the perspective of aerosol effect,the concentration of aerosols on weekends is less than that on weekdays,which is conducive to the temperature being lower on weekends than that on weekdays.The aerosol concentration is greater on weekdays than that on weekends,due to the second indirect effect of aerosols,the radiation forcing caused by the increase of man-made aerosols suppresses precipitation,which is conducive to the precipitation being less on weekdays than that on weekends.From the perspective of urbanization process,with the acceleration of urbanization process,the difference in the impact of human activities on urban climate on weekdays and weekends is expanding,which is conducive to the more significant difference in temperature and precipitation on weekdays and weekends,and intensifies the weekend effect of the climate in Chongqing.

关 键 词：夏季 重庆 气温 降水频次 周末效应 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]