地震测线-稀疏节点联合初至层析速度建模  

First-arrival tomography for building velocity model by jointly using seismic lines and sparse nodes

作　　者：王朝麟 邹志辉 姚刚 孙文亮 韩明亮 芮拥军[4] 崔庆辉[4] 尚新民[4] WANG ZhaoLin;ZOU ZhiHui;YAO Gang;SUN WenLiang;HAN MingLiang;RUI YongJun;CUI QingHui;SHANG XinMin(Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques,College of Marine Geosciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao Shandong 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources,Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center,Qingdao Shandong 266237,China;Institute of Unconventional Oil and Gas Science and Technology,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China;Geophysical Exploration Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield,SINOPEC,Dongying Shandong 257022,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院,海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室,深海圈层与地球系统教育部前沿科学中心,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科技中心海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]中国石油大学(北京)非常规油气科学技术研究院,北京102249 [4]中国石化胜利油田分公司物探研究院,山东东营257022

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2024年第9期3483-3495,共13页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFE0108800);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MD046);山东省高等教育本科教学改革研究项目(M2022164);中央高校基本业务费项目(201964017)联合资助.

摘　　要：近年来含油气盆地的深层勘探逐渐成为研究热点,如何提高深层的速度建模精度是地震勘探所面对的关键问题.常规地震测线偏移距短,无法记录含有深层结构信息的长偏移距初至数据,采用地震测线初至到时的建模方法不能建立深层速度模型.地震节点记录具有广角和宽方位的特征,在全球/区域地震学中被广泛应用于深部结构研究.但是,地震节点的密集布设会剧烈增加节点数量和野外工作量,而地震节点的稀疏布设则难以保证浅部速度结构的建模精度,引起深部速度建模的不准确.针对该问题,我们提出一种新的地震测线-稀疏节点联合初至层析速度建模方法:将常规地震测线与稀疏地震节点结合形成新观测系统,联合地震节点和常规测线的初至走时,采用地震层析成像开展油田深层速度建模.数值实验和实际应用结果均显示,地震测线与稀疏节点联合可以在浅层和深层均形成良好的数据覆盖,初至层析在浅层和深层均具有较高的建模精度.在大节点间距情况下联合常规地震测线和节点的联合方法比常规测线采集仅增加很少工作量,但其层析速度建模仍具有较高的建模精度,与高成本的高密度节点数据建模结果精度相近.本文方法可以方便地应用于常规地震测线采集的区块,在增加很少工作量的情况下实现深层高精度速度建模,对于含油气盆地的深层勘探具有重要意义.The exploration of the deep structure of petroliferous basins has gradually become a research hotspot in recent years.A key issue for seismic prospecting is how to improve the accuracy of velocity model building in deep regions.Since the conventional seismic lines have limited offset,and cannot record the far-offset first-arrival data that contain the deep structural information.As a result,the velocity model building methods using the first arrivals of seismic line data can hardly construct the velocity model of deep structures.The data recorded by seismic nodes possess wide-angle and wide-azimuth features and have been widely used in the study of deep structures in the field of global/regional seismology.However,the dense deployment of seismic nodes will significantly increase the required number of seismic nodes and field working load.By contrast,the sparse deployment of seismic nodes can hardly preserve the velocity building accuracy at a shallow depth,resulting in inaccurate velocity model building in deep regions.To cope with this problem,we propose a new first-arrival tomographic velocity-model-building method by jointly using seismic lines and sparse seismic nodes:We form a new observation system by combining the conventional seismic lines and seismic nodes,and seismic tomography is used to model oil field deep velocity by combining the first-arrival time of seismic nodes and conventional seismic lines.Both numerical experiments and practical application results show that the combination of seismic lines and sparse seismic nodes can form good data coverage in both shallow and deep layers,where first-arrival tomography has high modeling accuracy.In the case of large node spacing,the combined method of conventional seismic line and node only adds a little more work than conventional line acquisition,but its tomographic velocity modeling still has a high modeling accuracy,which is similar to the high-cost high-density node data modeling results.The method proposed in this paper can be easily applied to the r

关 键 词：地震节点 地震测线 深层构造 地震层析成像 速度建模 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]