强冰雹和强降水超级单体风暴双偏振特征差异性  

Difference in dual-polarization signatures between a severe hail supercell storm and a heavy precipitation supercell storm

作　　者：刁秀广 DIAO Xiuguang(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong,Jinan 250031,China;Shandong Meteorological Observatory,Jinan 250031,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省气象防灾减灾重点实验室,山东济南250031 [2]山东省气象台,山东济南250031

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2024年第3期23-36,共14页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022MD088,ZR2022MD035);山东省气象局科研项目(2019sdqxz01)。

摘　　要：利用青岛双偏振多普勒天气雷达资料和常规观测资料以及区域气象观测站资料,对2019年8月16日发生在山东诸城的一次强冰雹超级单体风暴和2020年8月3日发生在山东高密的一次强降水超级单体风暴双偏振特征差异性进行分析。结果表明:(1)风暴低层上升气流区一侧都存在明显的Z_(DR)弧,强上升气流区周围都分布有Z_(DR)环、深厚的Z_(DR)柱和K_(DP)柱。(2)主要差异包括诸城强冰雹超级单体风暴的强度明显较强,强中心高度明显较高,中气旋旋转强度和风暴顶辐散强度明显较强,但Z_(DR)柱与K_(DP)柱高度较低,Z_(DR)柱与K_(DP)柱宽度明显较窄,强的中气旋旋转强度和风暴顶辐散强度有利于强回波核的悬垂及冰雹增长;高密强风暴更加宽阔、深厚的上升气流将浓度较高的液态或小的湿冰粒子带至较高高度,Z_(DR)柱与K_(DP)柱高度较高。(3)湿度垂直分布和风场垂直廓线对风暴强度与天气实况起到关键作用。诸城强风暴产生在较干的湿度垂直分布和西北气流环境条件下,以强冰雹为主;高密强风暴产生在较湿的湿度垂直分布及西南气流环境条件下,以高强度降雨为主。Using Qingdao dual-polarization Doppler radar data,conventional observations and data of regional meteorological observing stations,the differences in polarimetric signatures are analyzed between a severe hail supercell storm,which occurred in Zhucheng,Shandong on 16 August 2019,and a heavy precipitation supercell storm,which occurred in Gaomi,Shandong on 3 August 2020.The results are shown below.(1)The common features include Z_(DR)arc on the updraft side in the low level of storm,as well as Z_(DR)ring,deep Z_(DR)column and K_(DP)column around the strong updraft regions.(2)The major differences are as follows.The Zhucheng severe hail supercell storm has stronger maximum reflectivity,higher height of maximum reflectivity,stronger mesocyclone rotation intensity and storm top divergence intensity,but lower Z_(DR)column and K_(DP)column,and narrower Z_(DR)column and K_(DP)column.The strong mesocyclone rotation intensity and storm top divergence intensity are conducive to the overhang of storm core and the growth of hails.The wider and deeper updraft in Gaomi supercell storm brings the liquid or small wet ice particles with higher concentration to a higher height,resulting in higher Z_(DR)column and K_(DP)column.(3)The vertical distribution of humidity and the vertical profile of wind play a key role in the storm intensity and weather situation.The Zhucheng supercell storm occurs under the conditions of drier vertical humidity and northwest airflow,and results in severe hails;the Gaomi supercell storm occurs under the conditions of wetter vertical humidity and southwest airflow,and generates high-intensity precipitation.

关 键 词：超级单体 双偏振 微物理 差异性 

分 类 号：P412.25[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]