2024年春季海洋天气评述  

Spring 2024 marine weather review

作　　者：王海平 张增海 黄奕武 董林 WANG Haiping;ZHANG Zenghai;HUANG Yiwu;DONG Lin(National Meteorological Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]国家气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《海洋气象学报》2024年第3期162-172,共11页Journal of Marine Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3900405)。

摘　　要：2024年春季(3—5月)北半球大气环流特征为:极涡呈单极型,中心明显偏向东半球一侧,强度与常年同期平均强度相当,中高纬呈4波型分布。影响中国的冷空气较常年明显偏弱,导致大风过程次数偏少。8级以上大风过程共出现4次,其中冷空气及其与入海气旋或台风结合的多系统影响大风过程为3次,入海温带气旋大风过程为1次,且此次过程伴随冷涡底部强对流系统发展引起的极端大风。比较明显的海雾过程出现10次,其中3月为7次,4月为2次,5月为1次,多数过程是由低压前部或高压后部偏南暖湿气流影响所致。中国近海浪高2.0 m以上的大浪过程有12次,最大浪高为3.0~4.0 m,未出现4.0 m以上的浪高。海面温度呈逐渐上升趋势,东海至台湾海峡一带的海面温度梯度相对较高。全球共有11个热带气旋生成,其中北半球3个(西北太平洋和北印度洋分别有2个和1个),南半球8个(西南印度洋和澳大利亚附近海域各4个)。The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation of the Northern Hemisphere in spring 2024(from March to May)are as follows.The polar vortex is characterized by a unipole pattern with its center clearly biased towards the Eastern Hemisphere side and its intensity equivalent to the historical average.The circulation in the middle and high latitudes presents a 4-wave pattern.The cold air affecting China is obviously weaker than usual,resulting in less gale processes.There are 4 gale processes above Beaufort wind force scale 8,including three processes produced by cold air and combined action of cold air and offshore cyclones/typhoons,and one process produced by offshore extratropical cyclones,which is accompanied with extreme gale caused by the development of severe convective system in the bottom of cold vortex.There are 10 obvious sea fog processes,including 7 in March,two in April,and one in May.Moreover,most of the sea fog processes are triggered by the southward warm and moist air current in front of low pressure or behind of high pressure.There are 12 rough sea wave processes with the wave height above 2.0 m in offshore China,the maximum wave height is 3.0-4.0 m,and the wave height above 4.0 m does not appear.The sea surface temperature shows a gradual upward trend,and the sea surface temperature gradient from the East China Sea to the Taiwan Strait is relatively high.There are a total of 11 tropical cyclones formed worldwide,three of which are in the Northern Hemisphere(two in western North Pacific and one in the northern Indian Ocean)and 8 are in the Southern Hemisphere(4 in the southwestern Indian Ocean and 4 in the waters near Australia).

关 键 词：极涡 冷空气 热带气旋 海上大风 海雾 

分 类 号：P732.2[天文地球—海洋科学]