现代主义早期文学中的“英国病”、国家干预理念与金融帝国构想  

“British Disease”,Ideas of State Intervention,and Imagination of Financial Empire in Early Modernist Literature

作　　者：李锋 Li Feng(the College of Foreign Languages,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Center of English Studies,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学外国语学院 [2]郑州大学英美文学研究中心

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2024年第4期74-85,共12页Foreign Literature Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“英国文学经济思想史”(22&ZD289)。

摘　　要：20世纪英国经济史本质上是所谓“英国病”的发生、激化以及诊治的过程。即便在相对繁荣的20世纪初,英国经济的各种症结已初露端倪,并为随后的长期衰落埋下伏笔;这些病症在同时代的现代主义早期文学中得到充分显现,相关作品反过来也对当时的社会气候和政府决策产生深刻影响。例如,康拉德、萧伯纳、特雷塞尔、威尔斯的作品体现出20世纪初的几种主要“英国病”(殖民体系瓦解、贫困问题凸显、劳资矛盾激化、传统经济衰败)的历史动因、文学表征以及作家的相应思考,从中可看出转型期的英国经济同现代主义文学的有机互动。从相关讨论可看出,尽管彼时的主导思想仍是古典的自由放任主义,但一些含有国家干预理念的思想(如人性化资本主义、费边社会主义、马克思主义)已开始显现影响;同时,英国经济的金融化转型也预示了此后货币调节理论和凯恩斯革命的兴起,反映出作家面对“英国病”时对未来不列颠金融帝国的构想。The economic history of 20~(th)-century Britain is actually a process of showing how the “British disease” has occurred, intensified, and been diagnosed. In fact, even in the relatively prosperous early 20~(th) century, the British economy already showed some initial symptoms of the “British disease” and foreshadowed its subsequent long-term decline. These symptoms found adequate expressions in the concurrent early modernist literature which, in turn, exerted profound influence on the social climate and government decisions of the era. Works by Conrad, Shaw, Tressell, and Wells, for instance, illustrate the historical causes, literary representations, and corresponding reflections on some major types of “British disease” of the early 20~(th) century, including the disintegration of the colonial system, the deterioration of poverty, the intensification of labor-capital conflicts, and the decline of the traditional economy. The organic interactions between the transitioning British economy and modernist literature are evident as discussed in these works. It is also clear that although the dominant ideology of the time was still the classic laissez-faire policy, ideas incorporating state-interventionism, such as humanized capitalism, Fabianism, and Marxism, began to take effects;meanwhile, the British economy's transformation to financial capitalism foreshadowed the subsequent rise of monetary regulation theories and the Keynesian revolution, reflecting the authors' imagination of future Britain as a financial empire in response to the “British disease”.

关 键 词：现代主义早期文学 “英国病” 人性化资本主义 费边主义 马克思主义 金融资本主义 

分 类 号：I561.06[文学—其他各国文学]