广西三个乡土阔叶树种不同林龄木材旋切单板质量分析  

Quality Analysis of Rotary-cut Veneers of Three Native Broad-leaved Tree Species in Guangxi of Different Ages

作　　者：胡拉 徐慧兰[1] 陈虎[1] 吴东山[1] 颜培栋[1] 杨章旗[1] HU La;XU Huilan;CHEN Hu;WU Dongshan;YAN Peidong;YANG Zhangqi(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation,Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Cultivation of Fast-Growing Timber in Central South China,Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning Guangxi 530002,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室,中南速生材繁育国家林业和草原局重点实验室,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《西部林业科学》2024年第4期85-90,共6页Journal of West China Forestry Science

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD19254004);八桂学者专项(2019A026)。

摘　　要：为探讨广西乡土阔叶树种用于旋切单板的适用性,以5~15 a生米老排、黑格和大叶栎为研究材料,利用无卡轴旋切机将木段加工成单板,对比分析不同林龄样木的木材密度、单板出材率、单板外观质量以及板坯压缩率。结果显示:(1)与5~8 a生样木相比,10~15 a生样木气干密度平均值高8.9%~26.1%,单板厚度变异系数低7.3%~41.4%,单板长度方向翘曲率低4.5%~33.2%,板坯压缩率低27.5%~62.5%,单板表面缺陷分等值低4.1%~6.8%,具有材质优、单板均匀性和稳定性好以及原料利用率高等优势。(2)就10~15 a生样木而言,3个树种之间单板外观质量差异较小,单板表面缺陷分等值为2.8~3.4;黑格木材密度较高,平均值分别较米老排和大叶栎高出16.6%和16.1%;米老排单板出材率较高,平均值分别较黑格和大叶栎高出17.7%和23.7%。可得结论,10~15 a生的3种单板质量与7 a生尾巨桉单板相当,适于生产胶合板,表明广西乡土阔叶树种米老排、黑格和大叶栎可成为现有旋切单板的原料来源。To investigate the applicability of Guangxi native broad-leaved tree species for peeling veneers,5 to 15 years old Mytilaria laosensis,Albizia odoratissima and Castanopsis fissa were used as raw materials to prepare veneers by using a spindleless veneer peeling lathe,and the wood density,veneer yield,veneer appearance quality,and compression ratio of plywood were analyzed.The results showed that compared with 5 to 8 years old trees,the 10 to 15 years old groups had 8.9%to 26.1%higher air-dried wood density,7.3%to 41.4%lower coefficient of variation of veneer thickness,4.5%to 33.2%lower warping rate in length direction,27.5%to 62.5%lower compression rate of veneers,and 4.1%to 6.8%lower grading scores for veneer surface defects.It is indicated that the 10 to 15 years old trees show advantages over 5 to 8 years old groups,including their superior wood quality,better veneer uniformity and stability,and higher utilization rate of the raw material.As for 10 to 15 years old sample trees,there was little difference in the appearance quality of veneers from the three tree species,with grading scores of 2.8 to 3.4.The air-dried wood density of 10 to 15 years old Albizia odoratissima was 16.6%and 16.1%higher than that of Mytilaria laosensis and Castanopsis fissa,respectively,while the veneer yield of 10 to 15 years old Mytilaria laosensis was 17.7%and 23.7%higher than that of Albizia odoratissima and Castanopsis fissa,respectively.The veneers from the three 10 to 15 years old native trees had a comparable integrated quality to veneers from 7-year-old Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla,and is thus suitable for producing plywood.It is concluded that Mytilaria laosensis,Albizia odoratissima and Castanopsis fissa have great potential to be new sources of raw materials of rotary-cut veneers.

关 键 词：旋切单板 林龄 米老排 黑格 大叶栎 

分 类 号：S781[农业科学—木材科学与技术]