烤烟光氮空间分布、光合特性及干物质积累对增密的响应  

Responses of Light Energy and Nitrogen Spatial Distribution,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation to Increased Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco

作　　者：宗钊辉 王寒[3] 李谨诚 赵伟才 邓文君 王维[4] 余纯强 王军 ZONG Zhaohui;WANG Han;LI Jincheng;ZHAO Weicai;DENG Wenjun;WANG Wei;YU Chunqiang;WANG Jun(Tobacco Science Institute of Guangdong,Shaoguan 512029,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Tobacco Shaoguan City Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512029,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Company of China Tobacco Industrial Co.,LTD,Guangzhou 510599,Guangdong,China;College of Agronomy,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省烟草科学研究所,广东韶关512029 [2]广东烟草韶关市有限公司,广东韶关512029 [3]广东中烟工业有限责任公司,广州510599 [4]华南农业大学农学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农学学报》2024年第8期16-23,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：广东中烟科技项目“韶关烟区烤烟烟碱含量偏低的原因分析及其调控措施研究”(20214400003400007)。

摘　　要：为探究增密对韶关烟区烤烟冠层光氮分布、光合特性及其干物质积累与产值的影响。以‘粤烟97’为试验材料,设置4个密度(M_(1):10500、M_(2):13500、M_(3):16500、M_4:19500株/hm^(2)),测定了不同冠层光资源与氮素分布、色素含量、干物质积累及经济性状。研究发现,随着密度的增加,不同冠层透光率下降,叶绿素含量增加,移栽80 d时M_4处理上部叶叶绿素较M_(1)处理增加了26.31%,叶绿素b增幅大于叶绿素a;光合特性与氮素是作物碳氮代谢重要指标,密度增加,烟株光合速率下降,M_4处理上部叶较M_(1)处理下降了32.16%~35.83%,胞间CO_(2)浓度、蒸腾速率、气孔导度,呈先上升后下降趋势,氮素浓度呈下降趋势,但不同时期M_4、M_(3)、M_(2)处理中上部叶差异不显著;‘粤烟97’在16500株/hm^(2)时群体叶器官干物质积累达到最大值,取得了最高产量与经济效益,与10500株/hm^(2)相比,产量与产值显著提高。合理密植,‘粤烟97’能通过降低叶绿素降解与提高中上部叶氮素分布对抗弱光胁迫下的光合速率下降,促进烟株群体干物质积累能力,获得更高的烟叶产量和产值。To explore the effects of densification on the distribution of light andnitrogen,photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and output value of flue-cured tobacco canopy in Shaoguan tobacco-growing area,four densities(M_(1):10500 plants/hm^(2),M_(2):13500 plants/hm^(2),M_(3):16500 plants/hm^(2),M4:19500 plants/hm^(2))of‘Yueyan 97’were set to determine the light resources and nitrogen distribution,pigment content,dry matter accumulation and economic properties of different canopy.The results showed that with the increase of density,the light transmittal rate of different canopy decreased and the chlorophyll content was increased.Compared with M_(1) treatment,the upper leaf chlorophyll of M4 treatment increased by 26.31%at 80d,and the increase of Chlb was greater than that of Chla.Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen are important indexes of crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism.As density increased,photosynthetic rate of tobacco plant decreased,compared with M_(1) treatment,the upper leaves of M4 treatment decreased by 32.16%to 35.83%.The Ci,Tr and Gs increased first and then decreased,while nitrogen concentration showed a decreasing trend,but there was no significant difference between middle and upper leaves of M4,M_(3) and M_(2) treatment at different periods.When the density was 16500 plants/hm^(2),the dry matter accumulation in leaf organs of‘Yueyan 97’reached the maximum,and the highest yield and economic benefit were obtained.Compared with the density of 10500 plants/hm^(2),the yield and output value were significantly increased.Reasonable dense planting of‘Yueyan 97’could resist the decline of photosynthetic rate under weak light stress by reducing chlorophyll degradation and improving nitrogen distribution in middle and upper leaves,promoted the dry matter accumulation ability of tobacco plant population,and obtained higher tobacco yield and output value.

关 键 词：烤烟 种植密度 光合特性 干物质 光氮分布 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]