干撒PAM对黄绵土工程堆积体侵蚀泥沙的影响  

Effects of Dry Scattering PAM on the Erosion Sediments of Loess Soil Engineering Accumulation

作　　者：罗东 邹超煜 白岗栓[3] LUO Dong;ZOU Chaoyu;BAI Gangshuan(Shaanxi Yian Construction Engineering Co.LTD,Xi’an 710021,Shaanxi,China;Ji’an Wetland Protection Center,Ji’an 343000,Jiangxi,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest Agriculture&Forestry University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西怡安建设工程有限公司,西安710021 [2]吉安市湿地保护中心,江西吉安343000 [3]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农学学报》2024年第8期30-37,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“黄土高原生态修复模式的格局—结构—功能关系”(2016YFC0501602)。

摘　　要：为了探寻PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)的适宜干撒量,以减少工程堆积体的侵蚀泥沙和维持工程堆积体的稳定性,在黄土丘陵沟壑区,以不撒PAM(聚丙烯酰胺)为对照(CK),将0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5 g/m^(2)的PAM干撒于圆锥状黄绵土工程堆积体的表层,监测自然降雨状况下PAM对黄绵土工程堆积体的地表径流、侵蚀泥沙、细沟发育和堆积体土壤水分含量等的影响。结果表明:不同处理的径流量、产流次数和径流系数均随PAM干撒量的增加表现为先降低后升高,其中干撒量为1.0 g/m^(2)的最低,2.5 g/m^(2)的最高。侵蚀泥沙量、细沟侵蚀量和细沟侵蚀系数则随PAM干撒量的增加而降低,其中干撒量为1.5、2.0、2.5 g/m^(2)的显著低于CK、0.5、1.0 g/m^(2)。当PAM干撒量为1.0 g/m^(2)时,工程堆积体的土壤水分含量最高,当PAM干撒量为2.5 g/m^(2)时则最低。PAM干撒量达到1.5 g/m^(2)可促进径流形成,减少侵蚀泥沙量及细沟侵蚀系数,降低黄绵土堆积体的土壤水分含量。为了减少侵蚀泥沙量,维持黄绵土工程堆积体的稳定性,PAM的干撒量应为2.0 g/m^(2)左右。To explore the suitable amount of dry scattering PAM(polyacrylamide)to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of engineering accumulation,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 and 2.5 g/m^(2)of PAM were dry scattered on the surface of conical loess soil engineering accumulation in the loess hilly-gully region and with no PAM as the control(CK).The effects of PAM on surface runoff,erosion sediments,rill development and soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation were monitored under natural rainfall conditions.The results showed that the runoff,runoff frequency and runoff coefficient of different treatments decreased first and then increased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount.The values were the lowest when the PAM dry scattering amount was at 1.0 g/m^(2),and were the highest when PAM dry scattering amount was at 2.5 g/m^(2).The erosion sediments,rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient decreased with the increase of PAM dry scattering amount.When PAM dry scattered at 1.5,2.0 and 2.5 g/m^(2),the erosion sediments,rill erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient were significantly lower than that of CK and PAM dry scattering amount of 0.5 and 1.0 g/m^(2).When PAM dry scattered at 1.0 g/m^(2),the soil moisture of engineering accumulation was the highest,and when PAM dry scattered at 2.5 g/m^(2),the soil moisture was the lowest.When PAM dry scattering amount reaches 1.5 g/m^(2),PAM promoted the formation of runoff,reduced the erosion sediments and rill erosion coefficient,and reduced the soil moisture of loess soil engineering accumulation.To sum up,in order to reduce the erosion sediments and maintain the stability of loess soil engineering accumulation,the dry scattering amount of PAM should be about 2.0 g/m^(2).

关 键 词：PAM 工程堆积体 径流 侵蚀泥沙 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学] X45[农业科学—农业基础科学]