2022年招远地区苹果主要生育期气象条件评估  

Evaluation of Meteorological Conditions During Main Growth Period of Apple in Zhaoyuan Area in 2022

作　　者：樊献政 王鹏凯 张娟 林明华 杨金玲 张翠英 FAN Xianzheng;WANG Pengkai;ZHANG Juan;LIN Minghua;YANG Jinling;ZHANG Cuiying(Zhaoyuan Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Zhaoyuan 265400,Shandong,China;Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Shandong Meteorological Administration,Jinan 250031,Shandong,China;Fushan Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Fushan 265500,Shandong,China;Heze Meteorological Bureau of Shandong Province,Heze 274000,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省招远市气象局,山东招远265400 [2]山东省气象局防灾减灾重点实验室,济南250031 [3]山东省福山区气象局,山东福山265500 [4]山东省菏泽市气象局,山东菏泽274000

出　　处：《农学学报》2024年第8期96-100,共5页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：山东省气象局2022年青年项目“招远苹果气象灾害影响评估技术研究”(2022SDQN10)。

摘　　要：本研究基于2022年招远地区苹果物候期的观测数据,对苹果主要物候期(花期、坐果期、果实膨大期、成熟期)的气象条件(光照、温度、水分)进行了详细分析,并探讨了这些条件对苹果生长的影响。同时,对苹果关键生长期的土壤相对湿度和整个生育期的农业气象特征也进行了评估。研究结果显示,苹果在全生育期间的气象条件基本能满足其生长需求。具体而言,生育期内土壤的水分条件适宜;开花期的温度略偏高,但并未影响花期的正常进行;果实膨大期降水较为充足,有利于果园土壤墒情的维持;而在果实采摘期,气象条件有助于苹果的成熟,进而提高苹果的甜度和色泽,最终获得品质良好的苹果。该研究结果为确定苹果生育期内的最佳气象条件提供了科学依据,这对于利用农业气候资源、帮助果农科学管理苹果种植、发展苹果生产以及提高苹果质量和经济效益具有重要价值。此外,该研究还为特色气象服务的未来发展提供了重要的科学参考。Utilizing observation data from the apple phenological period in the Zhaoyuan area in 2022,this study investigated the impact of meteorological conditions—specifically light,temperature,and moisture—during critical phenological stages(flowering,fruiting,fruit expansion,and ripening)on apple growth.Additionally,thesoil relative moisture and agro-meteorological characteristics during crucial growth and reproductive phaseswere evaluated.The findings revealed that meteorological conditions throughout the apple's fertility period generally satisfied apple growth requirements,with soil moisture levels being appropriate and temperatures slightly elevated during the flowering phase.The fruit expansion phase experienced higher precipitation,enhancing the orchard's moisture content.Favorable meteorological conditions during the fruit harvesting phase contributed to improved apple ripening,enhancing sweetness,color,and overall quality,making apples ideally suited for harvest.This study aims to identify optimal meteorological conditions throughout the apple fertility period to mitigate potential damage,facilitate the rational utilization of agro-climatic resources,support farmers in scientifically managing apple cultivation,and advance apple production quality and economic returns.This provides reliable meteorological,scientific,and technological backing for future endeavors in tailored meteorological services,offering a scientific basis for reference.

关 键 词：苹果生长 气象条件 物候期 土壤湿度 生育期评估 招远地区 

分 类 号：P49[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]