枫树槭树辨:民族文化记忆视角下的必要正名  

A Necessary Name Correction from the Perspective of National Cultural Memory

作　　者：刘培[1] Liu Pei

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒学高等研究院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《文史哲》2024年第4期129-141,167,168,共15页Literature,History,and Philosophy

摘　　要：中国是世界上Acer属树木种类最多、覆盖面广泛的国家,Acer属众树(如三角枫等)和金缕梅科之枫香树在中国古代都被称作枫树。枫树是传统文化中凝聚着“乡愁”的重要树种,也是咏秋文学的重要意象,在具有文化象喻的众木中占据着较为独特的位置。不过,在我国编订完成的《中国植物志》中,有关编写人员脱离文献事实,不顾古代训诂大家的定论,依从日本人小野兰山等的所谓“考证”,将枫香树之外的众多枫树品种改称“槭”。此举极有可能淡化“枫”的民族文化记忆,导致大众与丰富深厚的枫树审美积淀产生疏离,使那些优美的咏枫篇什和枫树意象所营造的审美境界失去附着的语词,进而淡出人们的情感世界。其实除了辞书之外,作为树名的“槭”目前所能见到的相关文献只有两三条,这样的文献依托和俯拾皆是的枫的记载相比实在微不足道。可见,“槭”是一个影响范围极其有限的地方性树名,并没有进入到传统文化叙事中。基于这样的事实,若将Acer属品种仍称为“枫”,枫香树回归它的“枫香”本名,则更接近历史的真实,也不至于割裂传统。China is the country with the most species and wide coverage of Acer trees in the world.Acer trees such as the triangular maple,and the iquidambar formosana in the Hamamelidaceae family,were all called maple trees in ancient China.Maple trees are an important tree species in traditional culture that embodies nostalgia,as well as an important imagery in autumn ode literature,occupying a unique position among the trees with cultural metaphors.However,in the completed Flora of China,the relevant authors deviated from the facts of the literature and disregarded the conclusions of ancient scholars.Following the so-called“textual research”of Japanese scholars such as Ono Ranzan,many maple varieties other than the iquidambar formosana were renamed Acer.This move is highly likely to dilute the national cultural memory of maple,leading to a distance between the public and the rich and profound aesthetic accumulation of maple trees,causing those beautiful poems about maple trees and the aesthetic realm created by maple tree imagery to lose their attachment to language,and thus fade out of people's emotional world.In fact,besides dictionaries,as the name of the tree Acer can be seen only two or three related documents.Compared to the abundant records of maple,such literature is negligible.It can be seen that Acer is a local tree name with extremely limited influence and has not entered traditional cultural narratives.Based on this fact,if the Acer species are still called“maple”,the maple tree will return to its original name,which is closer to the reality of history and will not sever tradition.

关 键 词：植物分类 枫树 槭树 文化记忆 

分 类 号：G122[文化科学] K207[历史地理—历史学] S792.35-05[历史地理—中国史]