新型吸收式制冷体系工质对溶液研究进展  

Research progress on the new working fluid pairs of absorption refrigeration systems

作　　者：暴阳正 李历浪 钟勇斌 李红娇 梁斌[1,3] BAO Yangzheng;LI Lilang;ZHONG Yongbin;LI Hongjiao;LIANG Bin(School of Chemical Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610000,China;Dongfang Electric Group Dongfang Boiler Co.,Ltd.,Chengdu 610000,China;Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学化学工程学院,成都610000 [2]东方电气集团东方锅炉有限责任公司,成都643001 [3]四川大学新能源与低碳技术研究院,成都610000

出　　处：《化学工业与工程》2024年第2期65-76,共12页Chemical Industry and Engineering

摘　　要：吸收式制冷系统是一种低碳/零碳制冷技术,利用低品位热源(如工业余/废热、太阳能热源等)作为其驱动能源,能有效提高能源系统综合利用效率。当前商业吸收式制冷剂体系主要基于水-溴化锂和氨-水体系,水-溴化锂溶液存在腐蚀性强、易结晶和制冷效果差等问题,氨体系有毒性较强、爆炸性以及氨-水制冷设备无法小型化等缺点。新型制冷剂-吸收剂工质对的研发是设计更环保高效的新型吸收式制冷系统的核心。总结了近年来备受关注的新型工质对体系,从吸收剂角度出发,探讨了离子液体、低共熔溶剂、大分子有机溶剂以及其它吸收剂与制冷剂组成的工质对溶液热力学性质的计算和实验研究方法。特别讨论了吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用类型和机制,及其对工质对溶液热力学性质和制冷性能的影响规律。总结研究发现对于新型工质对体系,普遍存在的问题是工质对溶液对制冷剂蒸汽的吸收性能欠佳。通过调控吸收剂化学结构和工质对组成,增强吸收剂-制冷剂相互作用是进一步优化工质对体系的关键途径。该综述为优化、设计工质对溶液体系提供了参考。Absorption refrigeration system is a low-carbon/zero-carbon refrigeration technology,which could be powered by the low-grade heat resources(such as industrial waste heat,solar heat,etc.).Such technology can effectively improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of the energy systems.The commercial absorption refrigerant systems are mainly based on the working fluid pairs of H2O-LiBr and NH3-H2O.The solution of H2O-LiBr has problems of strong corrosion,easy crystallization,unsatis-fied refrigeration performance,etc.The NH3-H2O system is highly toxic,explosive,and hardly to be miniaturized for the refrigeration equipment.Research and development of new working fluid pairs of re-frigerant-absorbent is essential for designing high performance absorption refrigeration systems that are more environmentally friendly.This paper summarized the new working fluid pairs that were explored in recent years and classified them to four types from the perspective of absorbents,i.e.,refrigerants with ionic liquids,deep-eutectic solvents,organic solvents and other solvents,respectively.This work de-scribed the general theoretical and experimental methods to study the thermodynamic properties of the flu-id pair solutions.Especially,the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant was highlighted and its in-fluence on the thermodynamic properties of the solution as well as coefficient of performance of the refrig-erant systems were extensively discussed.Our summary discovered that the common problem for the new working fluid pairs was the unsatisfied performance of the absorption unit,which may demand the assis-tance of the compressor.For further modification of the working fluid pairs,strengthening the interaction between the absorbent-refrigerant by tuning the chemical structure of the absorbent and the composition of the pair is the key strategy.This review is expected to provide guidance for optimization and design of better absorption refrigerant systems.

关 键 词：吸收式制冷 热力学性质 离子液体 低共熔溶剂 有机溶剂 

分 类 号：TK124[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]