全球产业补贴竞赛新动向、对华影响与应对策略  

New Trends and Impacts on China of the Global Industrial Subsidy Race and Response Strategies

作　　者：胡贝贝 金子怡 靳玉英[2] HU Beibei;JIN Ziyi;JIN Yuying(Shanghai University of International Business and Economics;Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学国际经贸学院 [2]上海财经大学商学院

出　　处：《国际贸易》2024年第8期38-50,共13页Intertrade

基　　金：上海哲学社会科学规划一般项目“美国实体清单政策对上海半导体行业及关联产业链韧性的影响研究”(2023BJL006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：当前全球贸易保护主义情绪上升,世界各国经济政策内顾倾向加剧。为了在全球产业链重构和科技竞争中谋得主导权,很多国家出台了多种形式的补贴法案,导致全球产业补贴竞赛强度显著上升。通过对全球产业补贴竞赛主要参与国的立法趋势进行分析,可以发现产业补贴呈现多样性、隐蔽性、专向性和绿色化等特征。全球产业补贴竞赛对我国吸引外资、制造业发展、中间品贸易、国内就业、开拓国际市场等方面造成了潜在影响。我国可从优化整体营商环境、加强多边合作以抵制“脱钩断链”、避免产业过快无序迁移、加强人才培养、合理区分非法补贴与合法补贴、加快产业结构优化升级等方面采取措施应对全球产业补贴竞赛的挑战。Currently,there is a global rise in protectionist sentiments in trade,intensifying the trend towards inward-looking economic policies worldwide.In order to gain dominance in the restructuring of the global industrial chain and technological competition,a large number of countries have introduced various forms of subsidy legislation,intensifying the global industrial subsidy race.An analysis of the legislative trends among key participants in the global industrial subsidy race reveals that these subsidies are characterized by their diversity,opacity,specificity,and environmental sustainability.The global industrial subsidy race has potential impacts on China's attraction of foreign investment,manufacturing development,trade in intermediate goods,domestic employment,and international market expansion.China can take measures to meet the challenges of the global industrial subsidy race by optimizing the overall business environment,strengthening multilateral cooperation to resist “decoupling and disconnection,” avoiding rapid and disorderly migration of industries,strengthening talent training,rationally distinguishing illegal subsidies from legal subsidies,and accelerating the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.

关 键 词：产业补贴 补贴立法 对华影响 应对策略 

分 类 号：F125[经济管理—世界经济] F113