覆冰条件下风力发电机叶片防/除冰方法综述  

Review of Anti-/De-Icing Methods for Wind Turbine Blades under Icing Conditions

作　　者：胡琴[1] 王欢[1] 舒立春[1] 蒋兴良[1] 夏翰林 Hu Qin;Wang Huan;Shu Lichun;Jiang Xingliang;Xia Hanlin(Xuefeng Mountain Energy Equipment Safety National Observation and Research Station of Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044 China;State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Research Institute,Chongqing 401123 China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学雪峰山能源装备安全国家野外科学观测研究站,重庆400044 [2]国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院,重庆401123

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2024年第17期5482-5496,共15页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51977016,52077020);重庆市科技局项目(cstc2021jscx-dxwtB0002);国网重庆市电力公司电力科学研究院科技项目(522023220003)资助。

摘　　要：覆冰地区的风力发电机叶片覆冰会导致功率损失,及时预防和治理叶片覆冰灾害,有助于保障风力发电机的安全、稳定与可靠运行。该文综述了覆冰条件下风力发电机叶片防/除冰方法的研究现状。首先,介绍了叶片覆冰的机理及覆冰特性,总结了叶片覆冰对其升力系数与阻力系数、功率损失的影响,分析了当前面临的挑战;其次,对现有叶片主动防/除冰、被动防冰及协同防/除冰方法的原理及其优缺点进行了评述,并进行了全面的对比分析;最后,从整体角度对叶片覆冰的关键科学问题及其经济可行性进行了分析,给出了未来的研究趋势,认为电热法、电脉冲法、气动脉冲法、疏冰涂层和含有电热功能的协同防/除冰方法在风力发电机叶片上极具应用前景。To address the shortage of fossil fuels and environmental pollution,countries around the world are vigorously developing renewable energy.Data shows that,from 2016 to 2022,the cumulative installed capacity of wind power in both the world and China has increased year by year(from 148.64 GW to 365.44 GW in China,and from 487 GW to 906 GW globally),resulting in an increase in the proportion of total wind power generation.Most wind farms are built in high-humidity and cold regions due to the abundant wind energy.However,wind turbine blades often face icing problems in these areas during winter,which causes mechanical vibration and power loss or even shutdown.This not only seriously affects the reliability of wind turbines,but also poses difficulties for power trading and scheduling.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on the icing and anti-/de-icing issues of blades.Firstly,this paper summarizes the physical formation process of icing on wind turbine blade and points out the current lack of accurate mathematical models to describe the relationship between meteorological parameters and blade icing.Analyzing the icing characteristics of the blades,it is believed that the icing area is mainly concentrated on the windward side of the leading edge of the blade tip;Summarized the impact of blade icing on lift coefficient,drag coefficient,and power loss.It is believed that blade icing will cause a decrease in lift coefficient,an increase in drag coefficient,and a power loss of up to 17%~40%.Creatively presented the current challenges,namely:(1)uncertainty of blade icing,(2)accuracy of power prediction under blade icing,(3)feasibility of blade icing defense plan.Secondly,in order to facilitate public understanding and the current research status of anti-/de-icing methods for wind turbine blades,this paper provides a comprehensive review and review of existing relevant literature.(1)Scientifically categorize existing methods into three types:active anti-/de-icing methods(including electric and mechanical forms),passive anti ici

关 键 词：风力发电机 叶片覆冰 功率损失 防/除冰 经济可行性 

分 类 号：TM315[电气工程—电机] TM81