台特玛湖适宜水面与水量维持初步研究  

Preliminary study on the maintenance of suitable water surface and water volume in Lake Taitmar

作　　者：何玉春 张靓 王光焰 徐海量[2] 魏光辉[1] HE Yu-chun;ZHANG Liang;WANG Guang-yan;XU Hai-liang;WEI Guang-hui(Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Management Bureau,Korla 841000,Xinjiang;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《地下水》2024年第4期231-233,共3页Ground water

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2022xjkk0103);新疆水利科技专项(XSKJ-2023-19);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501059);国家自然科学基金联合基金(U2003204)联合资助。

摘　　要：开展台特玛湖适宜规模与水量维持研究,对于提升流域水资源综合利用效率、促进塔里木河流域生态文明建设,实现人-水-生态和谐具有重要意义。该文基于塔里木河下游水文与遥感监测资料,通过分析台特玛湖湖区水面及湖区生态环境变化特点,构建了湖区水面面积、植被覆盖度及植被面积的关系模型,求解实现生态保护目标的湖区适宜水面规模与生态水量。研究结果表明:基于历史资料与生态安全分析,台特玛湖适宜水面面积规模为30~110 km^(2);当台特玛湖水面为110km^(2)时,对应植被面积为232 km^(2),植被覆盖度为15.1%,可保障湖区天然植被面积、质量达到优良状态,此时塔里木河、车尔臣河入湖水量约为6 400万m^(3);综合考虑天然植被需水、河道基流、地下水补充及河道蒸发等因素,在维持塔里木河与台特玛湖水力联系情况下,塔里木河下游生态需水量为2.48亿m^(3)/a。研究成果为塔里木河流域生态保护及修复工作提供了技术参考。Conducting research on the appropriate size and water quantity maintenance of Lake Taitmar is of great significance for enhancing the efficiency of comprehensive water resources use in the basin,promoting the construction of ecological civilization in the Tarim River Basin,and realizing the harmony between human beings,water and ecology.Based on the hydro-logical and remote sensing monitoring data of the lower Tarim River,the paper constructed a model of the relationship between water surface area,vegetation coverage and vegetation area of the lake area by analyzing the characteristics of the water surface of the lake area and the ecological environment of the lake area,and solved the appropriate water surface size and ecological water volume of the lake area for realizing the goal of ecological protection.The results of the study show that:Based on historical data and ecological safety analyses,the appropriate water surface area size for Lake Taitmar ranges from 30 to 110 km~2;When the water surface of Lake Taitmar is 110 km~2,the corresponding vegetation area is 232 km~2,and the vegetation coverage is 15.1%,which can guarantee that the area and quality of the natural vegetation in the lake area will reach an excellent state,and at this time,the amount of water flowing into the lake from the Tarim River and the Chelsea River will be about 64 million m~3;Considering the natural vegetation water demand,river base flow,groundwater replenishment and river evaporation,the ecological water demand of the lower Tarim River is 248 million m~3/a under the condition of maintaining the hydraulic connection between the Tarim River and Lake Taitmar.The research results provide technical references for the ecological protection and restoration of the Tarim River Basin.

关 键 词：水资源 台特玛湖 水面面积 入湖水量 塔里木河下游 

分 类 号：TV213.3[水利工程—水文学及水资源]