煤矿防治水“三区”划分方法及其水害防治意义  

“Three zones”method for coal mine water hazard control and its significance

作　　者：曾一凡 于超 武强 赵菱尔 尹尚先[4] 张博成 刘泽洋 崔雅帅 阚雪冬 黄浩 ZENG Yifan;YU Chao;WU Qiang;ZHAO Linger;YIN Shangxian;ZHANG Bocheng;LIU Zeyang;CUI Yashuai;KAN Xuedong;HUANG Hao(National Engineering Research Center of Coal Mine Water Hazard Controlling,China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing,Beijing100083,China;Key Laboratory of Mine Water Control and Resources Utilization,National Mine Safety Administration,Beijing100083,China;University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Inner Mongolia Research Institute,Ordos017000,China;Hebei State Key Laboratory of Mine Disaster Prevention,North China Institute of Science and Technology,Beijing 101601,China;Jinjie Coal Mine,CHN Energy Shendong Coal Group Co.,Ltd.,Yulin 719300,China;Jiaozuo Coal Industry Group,Jiaozuo 454002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)国家煤矿水害防治工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [2]矿山水防治与资源化利用国家矿山安全监察局重点实验室,北京100083 [3]矿业大学(北京)内蒙古研究院,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017000 [4]华北科技学院河北省矿井灾害防治重点实验室,北京101601 [5]国能神东煤炭锦界煤矿,陕西神木719300 [6]焦作煤业(集团)有限责任公司,河南焦作454002

出　　处：《煤炭学报》2024年第8期3605-3618,共14页Journal of China Coal Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42072284,42027801,42372297)。

摘　　要：为系统性认识矿井各类水害问题,规范化管理矿井防治水工作,国家矿山安全监察局于2022年6月将针对老空水防治的“三区”管理工作推广到顶板水害、底板水害以及构造水害等更多水害类型中。然而各地煤矿在防治水“三区”划分过程中暴露出水害致灾因素和水害治理情况等与划分标准结合不紧密,并且技术上未针对不同煤层和采区进行区别划分,同时划分区域范围和划分结果的规范性和时效性存在不统一。据此,结合防治水“三区”划分的目的,对比了新“三区”划分与老空水“三区”划分的异同,明确了以水文地质条件勘查程度、水害隐患分析、水害治理情况为要素的划分原则,理清了“三区”划分的技术路径;结合我国常见的5种煤矿水害类型特征,提出了不同类型水害的划分方法,即:地表水害应根据井田内地表水体的分布发育特征以及大气降水、滑坡等地质灾害对开采的影响程度等进行划分。顶板水害应根据导水裂隙带范围内是否存在富水性强或者富水性中等静储量丰富含水层、松散含水层等对开采造成威胁进行划分。底板水害应根据煤层带压开采区域底板隔水层厚度与矿压破坏带深度之间的关系以及底板突水系数大小进行划分。老空水害应根据矿井及周边矿井老空积水分布范围、积水量情况进行划分,构造水害应根据井田内断层、陷落柱、溶洞等地质构造和不良地质体的富水性、含水性、与水源导通情况进行划分;总结了划分工作的要点和难点,即:明晰划分时空范围、综合分析划分标准、明确“三区”管理职责、动态转换划分结果等;在此基础上,选择水害类型多样和水文地质条件复杂的典型煤矿井,遵循划分原则,根据划分标准,分煤层、分采区划分了可采区、缓采区、禁采区,并加以详细的解释说明;阐明了开展“三区”划分工作具有提In order to systematically understand the various types of water hazards and standardize the management of water prevention and control work in coal mines,the National Mine Safety Administration in June 2022 extended the“three zones”management methodology for old goaf water prevention and control to more types of water hazards,such as roof water,floor water,and structural water.However,in the process of dividing the“three zones”of water prevention and control in coal mines,it is revealed that the water damage causing factors and water damage management situation are not closely linked with the division standard,and that technically different divisions are not made for different coal seams and mining areas,and there are inconsistencies in the scope of the division area,and the standardization and timeliness of the division results.Accordingly,combined with the purpose of water hazard prevention and control“three zones”division,compared the similarities and differences between the new and old“three zones”division work,this paper clarifies the degree of hydrogeological conditions survey,water hazard analysis,water hazard management as elements of the division principles,and determines the technical path of the division of the“three zones”.Combining the characteristics of five common types of water hazards in coal mines,the paper puts forward the division method of different types of water hazards,that is:surface water hazard should be divided according to the distribution and development characteristics of surface water bodies in the mining area and the degree of influence of atmospheric precipitation,landslides and other geological disasters in mining.The roof water hazard should be divided according to whether there is a strong water-rich aquifer,a medium water-rich but hydrostatic reservoir-rich aquifer,a loose aquifer.The floor water hazard should be divided according to the relationship between the thickness of the floor water barrier and the depth of the floor mine pressure damage zone in t

关 键 词：煤矿水害防治 “三区”划分 水文地质条件 水害致灾因素 水害治理措施 

分 类 号：TD745[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]