动车前端承载结构拓扑优化及车体动态承载极限分析  

Topological Optimization of Load Bearing Structure at Front End of Motor Car and Dynamic Load Bearing Limit Analysis of Car Body

作　　者：陈秉智[1] 孟飞 秦睿贤 于洋[1] CHEN Bingzhi;MENG Fei;QIN Ruixian;YU Yang(School of Locomotive and Rolling Stock Engineering,Dalian Jiaotong University,Dalian 116028,China)

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学机车车辆工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2024年第4期47-54,共8页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52271023);辽宁省教育厅科学研究计划项目(LJKZ0493);大连市科技创新基金应用基础研究项目(2022JJ12GX029)。

摘　　要：使用OptiStruct软件,对车体前端承载结构进行拓扑优化,以体积分数为约束,以最小应变能作为优化目标,通过优化结果对车体前端骨架结构进行重新排布。对优化后的车体在车钩安装座、前端吸能结构及防爬器三个不同位置加载,完成刚性墙对车体冲击过程仿真。对车体在冲击过程中冲击力-时间曲线和不同时刻应力分布进行分析,得到车体弱刚度区域,通过应力变化临界点确定车体承载极限。对弱刚度区域不同组件的能量-时间曲线与上述承载极限结果进行验证。结果表明,优化后车体前端刚度大幅提升;在车体承载极限内,不同位置加载对车体承载极限影响较小;通过弱刚度区域各不同组件的能量-时间曲线可以准确地找到车体承载极限达到临界点的时刻,为车体动态承载极限提供数据分析。OptiStruct software is used to carry out topology optimization on the bearing structure of the front end of the car body.With the volume fraction as the constraint and the minimum strain energy as the optimiza⁃tion objective,the car body front end skeleton structure is rearranged through the optimization results.The op⁃timized car body is loaded at three different positions:coupler mounting base,front end energy absorption structure and anticreeper to complete the simulation of the impact process of the rigid wall on the car body.The impact force time curve and stress distribution at different times during the impact process of the car body are analyzed,and the weak stiffness area of the car body is obtained.The load-bearing limit of the car body is de⁃termined through the critical point of stress change.The energy time curves of different components in the weak stiffness area are verified with the above bearing limit results.The results show that the stiffness of the front end of the car body is greatly improved after the optimization.In the car body bearing limit,different loading posi⁃tions have little influence on the car body bearing limit.Through the energy time curve of different components in the weak stiffness area,the time when the vehicle body bearing limit reaches the critical point can be accu⁃rately found,which provides more accurate data analysis for the vehicle body dynamic bearing limit.

关 键 词：车体前端承载结构 拓扑优化 动态承载极限 弱刚度区域 

分 类 号：U266[机械工程—车辆工程]