测度、反诘与让步——中古汉语“岂”的否定功能  

Measure,Cross-examine and Concede-The Negation Function of the Middle Chinese"Qi"(岂)

作　　者：周瑞哲 汪国胜[1] ZHOU Rui-zhe;WANG Guo-sheng(Language and Language Education Research Center,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《嘉应学院学报》2024年第4期68-74,共7页Journal of Jiaying University

摘　　要：中古汉语里“岂”是一个常用的语气副词,其否定辖域分为跨短语和跨句两类。“岂”一般用于谓词之前,在疑问句和陈述句中引领句末的语气词通过是非疑问句、反问句和让步复句三种句式来表达对命题行为、认识、言语三域的否定;它的否定主要聚焦在对命题的目的、结果和原因的主观评价,具有顺转引领、逆转总结、双向过渡三种功能。本文主要通过对魏晋时期文献的考察,来探析否定标记“岂”在中古汉语里的使用情况及存在条件,并进一步确立它的否定来源和历史成因。In Middle Chinese,"Qr(岂)is a commonly used negative marker,and its negative jurisdiction is divided into two categories:cross-phrase and cross-sentence."How"is generally used before the predicate,and the modal word at the end of the leading sentence in the interrogative sentence and the declarative sentence expresses the negation of the three domains of propositional behavior,cognition and speech through three sentence forms:yes or wrong interrogative sentence,rhetorical question and concession compound sentence;its negation mainly focuses on the subjective evaluation of the purpose,result and cause of the proposition,and has three functions:forward and backward guidance,reversal and summary,and two-way transition.This paper mainly examines the use and existence conditions of the negation mark"Qi"(岂)in Middle Chinese through the investigation of documents from the Wei and Jin dynasties,and further establishes its negative source and historical causes.

关 键 词：岂 否定标记 否定辖域和指向 主观评价 

分 类 号：H109.2[语言文字—汉语]