基本心理需要满足与共情影响医学新生总体幸福感的维度特异性作用  

Dimension-specific effects of meeting basic psychological needs and empathy on general well-being of medical freshmen

作　　者：房雪莹 罗艳艳[1] 孙俊俊 周瑞丹 张梅 邓明会 姚桂英[1] FANG Xueying;LUO Yanyan;SUN Junjun;ZHOU Ruidan;ZHANG Mei;DENG Minghui;YAO Guiying(School of Nursing,Xinxiang Medical University,Henan Province,Xinxiang 453000,China;Sanquan College,Xinxiang Medical University,Henan Province,Xinxiang 453000,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院护理学院,河南新乡453000 [2]新乡医学院三全学院,河南新乡453000

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2024年第23期92-96,共5页China Medical Herald

摘　　要：目的探讨医学新生总体幸福感的潜在类别及基本心理需要和共情对其的影响。方法采用便利抽样法于2020年9月至12月选取新乡医学院三全学院2020级888名医学新生为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、基本心理需要量表(BPNS)、总体幸福感量表(GWB)和人际反应指针量表(IRI-C)进行调查研究。采用潜在剖面分析探讨医学新生总体幸福感的潜在类别及基本心理需要和共情对其的影响。结果共发放问卷900份,回收有效问卷888份,回收率为98.67%,有效率为100.00%。医学新生总体幸福感分为3个潜在类别:低幸福感组(27.37%)、中等幸福感组(49.66%)和精力充沛幸福组(22.97%)。不同类别医学新生GWB各维度评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同类别医学新生性别比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同类别医学新生IRI-C和BPNS各维度评分及总分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。个人痛苦、自主需求和胜任需求是中等幸福感组的影响因素(P<0.05),共情性关心、个人痛苦、自主需求、胜任需求和关系需求是低幸福感组的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论医学新生总体幸福感存在异质性,心理健康工作者可根据基本心理需要与共情对其影响的维度特异性,给予个体化干预,以提升医学新生的总体幸福感水平。Objective To explore potential categories of general well-being among medical freshmen and the effects of basic psychological needs and empathy on them.Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 888 medical freshmen from the 2020 cohort of Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University from September to December 2020 as research subjects.General information survey,basic psychological needs scale(BPNS),general well-being schedule(GWB)and interpersonal reactivity index-C(IRI-C)were used for survey research.Latent profile analysis was used to explore potential categories of general well-being among medical freshmen,as well as the effects of basic psychological needs and empathy on them.Results A total of 900 questionnaires were distributed,and 888 valid questionnaires were collected,with response rate of 98.67%and questionnaire effectiveness rate of 100.00%.General well-being of medical freshmen could be divided into three potential categories:the low happiness group(27.37%),the moderate happiness group(49.66%),and the energetic happiness group(22.97%).There was statistically significant difference in each dimension score of GWB among different categories of medical freshmen(P<0.05).There was statistically significant difference in gender among different categories of medical freshmen(P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in each dimension score and total score of IRI-C and BPNS among different categories of medical freshmen(P<0.05).Personal pain,autonomy needs and competence needs were the influencing factors of the moderate happiness group(P<0.05),while empathetic care,personal pain,autonomy needs,competence needs and relationship needs were the influencing factors of the low happiness group(P<0.05).Conclusion There is heterogeneity in general well-being of medical freshmen,and mental health workers can provide individualized interventions based on dimension specificity of the effects of basic psychological needs and empathy on it to enhance general well-being level of medical freshm

关 键 词：医学新生 总体幸福感 基本心理需要 共情 

分 类 号：R848[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]