尾矿库灾害风险防控研究现状及发展态势  

Research status and development trend of disaster risk prevention and control of tailings pond

作　　者：朱远乐 王淇萱 刘文岗[4] 廖文景 曾凡超 王涛[3] ZHU Yuanle;WANG Qixuan;LIU Wengang;LIAO Wenjing;ZENG Fanchao;WANG Tao(Changsha Mining Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Changsha 410012,China;State Key Laboratory of Metal Mine Safety Technology,Changsha 410012,China;School of Water Resources and Hydropower,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Central Research Institute of China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙矿山研究院有限责任公司,湖南长沙410012 [2]金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室,湖南长沙410012 [3]武汉大学水利水电学院,湖北武汉430072 [4]煤炭科学研究总院中央研究院,北京100020

出　　处：《武汉大学学报（工学版）》2024年第8期1054-1064,共11页Engineering Journal of Wuhan University

基　　金：金属矿山安全技术国家重点实验室开放基金(编号:CKY/YJ202101);湖南省应急管理厅科技专项(编号:2020YJ002)。

摘　　要：尾矿库由尾矿堆积而成,具有高势能的危险源。一旦溃坝,会对下游居民和设施的安全造成严重威胁,极有可能酿成重特大事故。在收集大量尾矿库灾害风险相关研究领域文献的基础上,介绍了尾矿坝稳定性分析及失稳机理、尾矿库安全监测技术、尾矿库灾害风险辨识、尾矿库灾害风险评价与灾变预警等4个方面的研究现状及成果,并指出了目前研究的不足:1)尾矿坝全生命周期动态多因素耦合作用机理尚未明确;2)尾矿库高精度监测技术需进一步研究,安全监测指标体系需进一步完善;3)尾矿库灾害风险辨识尚未引入智能算法,也未结合三维大数据体系及周边环境信息等多源数据;4)尾矿库灾变预警尚未考虑多源数据融合分析。通过探讨我国尾矿库灾害风险防控当前所面临的问题,并提出发展建议,为尾矿库防灾减灾理论研究与技术革新提供参考。Tailings pond is formed by the accumulation of tailings,which is a dangerous source of high potential energy.Once the dam breaks,it may pose a serious threat to the safety of downstream residents and facilities,and it is very likely to cause serious accidents.Based on the collection of a large number of research literatures related to tailings pond disaster risk,this article introduces the research status and achievements of tailings dam stability analysis and instability mechanism,tailings pond safety monitoring technology,tailings pond disaster risk identification,and tailings pond disaster risk assessment and disaster warning,and points out the shortcomings of the current research:1)the dynamic multi-factor coupling mechanism of tailings dam throughout its life cycle has not yet been clarified;2)The high-precision monitoring technology of the tailings dam needs to be further studied,and the safety monitoring index system needs to be further improved;3)The tailings pond disaster risk identification has not yet introduced intelligent algorithms,combined with multi-source data such as three-dimensional big data system and surrounding environmental information;4)Multi-source data fusion analysis has not yet been considered for disaster warning of tailings ponds.By discussing the current problems of tailings pond disaster risk prevention and control in China,and putting forward development suggestions,the paper provides a reference for the theoretical research and technological innovation of tailings pond disaster prevention and mitigation.

关 键 词：尾矿库 灾害风险防控 安全监测 灾变预警 应急管理 

分 类 号：TD926.4[矿业工程—选矿]