水质型缺水地区地下水重金属污染风险评价——以嘉兴市为例  

Comprehensive risk assessment on groundwater heavy metal contamination in quality-induced water scarcity regions:case of Jiaxing City

作　　者：伍永年 苏韬 徐卫东 毛新伟 季同德 赵腾瑜 WU Yongnian;SU Tao;XU Weidong;MAO Xinwei;JI Tongde;ZHAO Tengyu(Bureau of Hydrology(Information Center)of Taihu Basin Authority,Shanghai 200434,China;College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China)

机构地区：[1]太湖流域管理局水文局(信息中心),上海200434 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第8期29-35,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(422002289)。

摘　　要：以典型水质型缺水城市嘉兴市作为研究区,采集29个地下水点位的水样,检测Fe、Mn、Cu、As、Pb、Hg、Cd、Cr的浓度以及pH,采用内梅罗指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价重金属污染程度,基于地统计分析和数理统计方法分析重金属空间分布特征和来源,并引用风险评估模型量化该污染给居民带来的健康风险。结果表明:①研究区地下水的Fe、Mn、As、Pb含量均值超出Ⅲ类标准的限值,超标率为Fe(86.2%)>Mn(75.9%)>As(62.1%)>Pb(20.7%),其余4种元素未超出Ⅲ类标准。②Fe、Mn、Cd的来源相似或迁移转化路径相近,As含量高的地下水呈弱碱性。③研究区的综合潜在生态风险指数为69.27,综合生态危害程度介于轻微—中等之间。④研究区内93.1%的地下水健康风险总值高于成人最大可接受值,海宁市和海盐县的南部地区健康风险总值最高。研究成果可为水质型缺水地区开发利用地下水,以及重金属污染与风险管控提供数据支撑和理论依据。Jiaxing,a city known for its quality-induced water scarcity,was chosen as the research area.Water samples were collected from 29 groundwater points to detect the concentrations of Fe,Mn,Cu,As,Pb,Hg,Cd,Cr,and pH.The Nemerow index and potential ecological risk index methods were employed to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution.Spatial distribution characteristics and sources of heavy metals were analyzed using geostatistical analysis and mathematical statistics.A risk assessment model was used to quantify the health risks to residents caused by this pollution.The results showed that the average concentrations of Fe,Mn,As,and Pb in the groundwater of the study area exceeded the limit of the ClassⅢstandard,with exceeding rates of Fe(86.2%)>Mn(75.9%)>As(62.1%)>Pb(20.7%).The other four elements did not exceed the ClassⅢstandard.The sources or migration and transformation pathways of Fe,Mn,and Cd were similar,and groundwater with high As content was weakly alkaline.The research area′s comprehensive potential ecological risk index was 69.27,with an ecological hazard level ranging from mild to moderate.Furthermore,the total groundwater health risk in 93.1%of the study area was higher than the maximum acceptable value for adults,with the highest risk found in the southern area of Haining City and Haiyan County.These findings provide valuable data support and a theoretical basis for groundwater exploitation and utilization,and heavy metal pollution control and risk management in quality-induced water scarcity regions.

关 键 词：地下水 重金属污染 内梅罗指数法 生态风险量化 健康风险评估 嘉兴市 水质型缺水地区 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X523