崇明岛内河鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子关系研究  

Study on structure of fish community and its relationship with environmental factors in inland rivers of Chongming Island

作　　者：徐永宜 苏敬华[2] 黄宇驰[2] 丁勇成 李宇霖 黄沈发[1,3] XU Yongyi;SU Jinghua;HUANG Yuchi;DING Yongcheng;LI Yulin;HUANG Shenfa(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;Shanghai Technology Center for Reduction of Pollution and Carbon Emissions,Shanghai 200235,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学环境科学与工程学院,上海201620 [2]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [3]上海市减污降碳管理运行技术中心,上海200235

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第8期36-44,52,共10页Yangtze River

基　　金：上海市生态环境局科研项目(沪环科〔2023〕第48J号);上海市人民政府决策咨询研究项目(2023-Z-U03);上海市科委科研项目(23DZ1204300,23DZ1204400)。

摘　　要：为了解崇明岛内河鱼类群落多样性变化规律及其与环境因子之间的关系,于2021年8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)采集了崇明岛内河16个点位的鱼类样本并同步监测河流环境因子,分析了夏、秋两季崇明岛内河鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系。现场调查共采集到鱼类47种,分属7目12科40属,其中鲤形目占61.70%,淡水型鱼类占82.97%,杂食性鱼类占约40.43%,鲫(Carassius auratus)、刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、达氏鲌(Culter dabryi)和似鳊(Pseudobrama simoni)等为优势种。研究表明:夏、秋两季各采样点鱼类物种数变化范围在6~18种之间,丰富度指数D在1.14~3.72,多样性指数H′在1.07~2.43,均匀度指数J′在0.58~0.93。等级聚类(Cluster)与非度量多维尺度排序(NMDS)分析结果表明,崇明岛内河鱼类群落存在一定的时空异质性。冗余分析(RDA)表明,鱼类群落结构与环境因子水温、TP、BOD 5、pH关联显著。研究成果可为长江口水生生物多样性保护提供参考,为长江大保护成效评估等提供基础数据。To understand the changing pattern of fish community diversity in the inland rivers of Chongming Island,Shanghai City,and its relationship with environmental factors,we collected fish samples from 16 sites in the inland rivers on Chongming Island in August(summer)and November(fall)2021,investigated the environmental factors to analyze the structure of the fish community in the inland rivers in the summer and fall seasons and its relationship with environmental factors.A total of 47 species of fishes were collected in the field survey,which belonged to 7 orders,12 families,and 40 genera,among which 61.70%were cyprinoids,82.97%were freshwater fishes and 40.43%were omnivorous fishes.Carassius auratus,Coilia nasus,Culter dabryi,and Pseudobrama simoni were the dominant species.The study showed that the number of fish species in each sampling site varied from 6 to 18 species in summer and fall,with the richness index D ranging from 1.14 to 3.72,the diversity index H′ranging from 1.07 to 2.43,and the evenness index J′ranging from 0.58 to 0.93.Cluster and NMDS results indicated that there was some spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the inland river fish community on Chongming Island.RDA showed that fish community structure was significantly associated with environmental factors such as water temperature,TP,BOD 5,and pH.The study findings can provide scientific and technological references for the conservation of aquatic biodiversity in the Changjiang River estuary,and provide basic data for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Changjiang River conservation.

关 键 词：鱼类群落 生物多样性 环境因子 冗余分析 崇明岛内河 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]