汉江下游“一江三河”平原河网IHA区域分布特征  

Regional characteristics of indicators of hydrological alteration in lower Hanjiang River and Hanbei-Tianmen-Fuhuan tributary area

作　　者：吴可怡 张翔[1,2] 李芊芊 闫少锋 李天生 WU Keyi;ZHANG Xiang;LI Qianqian;YAN Shaofeng;LI Tiansheng(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Water System Science for Sponge City Construction,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Hubei Institute of Water Resources Survey and Design,Wuhan 430064,China;Hydrogeological Environmental Geological Survey Center,China Geological Survey,Tianjin 300304,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]武汉大学海绵城市建设水系统科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [3]湖北省水利水电规划勘测设计院有限公司,湖北武汉430064 [4]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,天津300304

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第8期87-95,共9页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U21A2002);湖北省水利科研项目(HBSLKY202310)。

摘　　要：在人类活动频繁的地区,水资源开发利用过程造成的河流水文情势改变会带来水生态系统的变化。由于不同区域的河流水文情势改变各不相同,在区域生态流量的管理中需考虑不同区域河流水文情势变化特征,评估水文情势改变对当地水生态系统的影响,从而实施具有区域针对性的生态流量管理措施。以汉江下游干流-汉北河-天门河-府澴河区域(“一江三河”地区)为研究区,选取汉江下游干流皇庄、沙洋、仙桃站,“三河”地区隔蒲潭、天门、应城站共6个水文站的长序列日平均流量,分别分析径流突变情况,采用水文变化指标变动范围法(IHA-RVA)比较区域内不同站点在径流突变前后的水文情势变化特征,并结合指标的生态学意义对研究区的生态流量调控提出建议。结果表明:①汉江下游干流于1990年发生径流突变,三河地区于2010年发生径流突变,突变后流量减小,枯水期延长;②研究区6个站点均存在径流变异前后的汛期水文指标变化过大的问题,可能对水生生物,尤其是产漂浮性卵的鱼类繁殖带来不利影响,导致水产资源减少;③汉江下游干流的水文指标正向变化远多于三河地区,中高度变化远少于三河地区,三河地区更多指标偏离适宜范围。研究成果对认识生态流量的区域性变化特征具有科学意义,可为生态流量的区域管理提供参考依据。In areas with frequent human activities,water resource development and utilization causes variations in river hydrological regimes,which leads to changes in the water ecosystem.Variations in river hydrological regimes differ from region to region,therefore,it is necessary to consider the characteristics of river hydrological regime changes and assess their impact on local water ecosystems in the regional management of ecological flow for proposing more region-targeted measures.Taking the Lower Hanjiang River,Hanbei River,Tianmen River,Fuhuan River region(Lower Hanjiang River and Hanbei-Tianmen-Fuhuan tributary area)as the research area,the daily average discharge of the long series of six hydrology stations,including Huangzhuang,Shayang,and Xiantao stations in the Lower Hanjiang River,and Geputan,Tianmen and Yingcheng stations in the tributary area,were selected to analyze the abrupt change of runoff,IHA-RVA was used to compare the characteristics of hydrological regime variations before and after the abrupt change of runoff at different stations in the study area.Suggestions were put forward for ecological flow control in the study area based on the ecological significance of these indicators.The results showed that:①Runoff abrupt change in the Lower Hanjiang River occurred in 1990,and that of the tributary area occurred in 2010.After the abrupt change,discharge decreased,and the dry period was prolonged.②Excessive variation of hydrological indicators before and after the abrupt change of runoff in flood season existed in all six stations in the study area,which might adversely affect the reproduction of aquatic organisms,especially the fish that spawn floating eggs,causing the reduction of aquatic resources.③The positive variation of the hydrological indicators of the Lower Hanjiang River was much more than that of the tributary area while the middle to high variations were much less than that of the tributary area,and more IHAs of the tributary area presented a deviation from suitable range than the Lowe

关 键 词：水文情势 径流突变 空间特征 生态流量 水文变化指标 变动范围法 汉江 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]