水力切顶卸压技术的研究与实践  

Research and Practice of Hydraulic Roof Cutting Pressure Relief Technology

作　　者：石龙飞 SHI Longfei(Shanxi Province Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group Yanzishan Mine,Datong 037006,China)

机构地区：[1]山西省晋能控股煤业集团燕子山矿,山西大同037006

出　　处：《煤矿现代化》2024年第5期94-97,103,共5页Coal Mine Modernization

摘　　要：燕子山矿自推广应用了小煤柱护巷技术以来,小煤柱临空巷道煤柱受采煤扰动影响,出现巷道变形量大、支护难度大等难题,严重影响安全生产。鉴于此,燕子山煤矿采取的水力切顶卸压技术,利用高压水力切割形成定向裂缝,配合使用膨胀剂实现切孔贯穿;该技术的作用原理是在高压水力切割形成深度300 mm左右的定向裂缝的基础上,再使用膨胀剂扩展裂缝至600 mm左右,实现间距为1.0 m的预裂钻孔的径向贯通,有效实现大面积悬顶的切断。在8210进风平巷的应用效果表明,该技术能够有效切断8210巷道煤柱侧顶板,削弱了8210工作面顶板的完整性、减小甚至消除了相邻采空区侧向支承压力对小煤柱沿空巷道产生的不利影响,预裂后的端头坚硬顶板在采空区及时垮落,彻底解决小煤柱临空巷道变形量大、支护难度大等难题。Since the popularization and application of small coal pillar roadway protection technology in Yanzishan Mine,the coal pillar of roadway adjacent to small coal pillar is affected by coal mining disturbance,which has caused problems such as large roadway deformation and difficult support,which seriously affects safety production.In view of this,Yanzishan Coal Mine adopts hydraulic roof cutting and pressure relief technology,which uses high-pressure hydraulic cutting to form directional cracks and uses expansive agent to realize hole cutting and penetration;The principle of this technology is to form directional cracks with a depth of about 300 mm by high-pressure hydraulic cutting,and then use expansion agent to expand the cracks to about 600 mm,so as to realize the radial penetration of presplitting drilling holes with a spacing of 1.0 m,and effectively realize the cutting of large-area suspended roof.The application effect in 8210 air entry shows that this technology can effectively cut off the side roof of coal pillar in 8210 roadway,weaken the integrity of the roof in 8210 working face,reduce or even eliminate the adverse impact of the lateral support pressure of adjacent goaf on the roadway along goaf with small coal pillar,and the pre-cracked hard roof will collapse in goaf in time,thus completely solving the problems of large deformation and difficult support of the roadway near goaf with small coal pillar.

关 键 词：水力切顶 矿山压力 卸压 大面积悬顶 小煤柱 

分 类 号：TD322.5[矿业工程—矿井建设]