2018-2022年成都地区医院感染现患率调查  

nvestigation the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in Chengdu area fr0m 2018 to 2022

作　　者：裴小琴[1] 郭华[1] 吕宇[2] 向钱[2] 罗淇 梁子超 PEI Xiao-qin;GUO Hua;LYU Yu;XIANG Qian;LUO Qi;LIANG Zi-chao(The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu,Chengdu,Sichuan 610031,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]成都市第三人民医院医院感染管理部,四川成都610031 [2]四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院医院感染管理中心,四川成都610072

出　　处：《中华医院感染学杂志》2024年第15期2387-2393,共7页Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology

基　　金：四川省自然科学基金面上项目(2023NSFSC0534)。

摘　　要：目的对2018-2022年成都地区医疗机构现患率、感染科室、抗菌药物使用情况等进行分析,为各级医疗机构横向对比、采取医院感染防控措施提供数据支撑和依据。方法采用横断面调查方法对成都地区2018-2022年医疗机构所有住院患者进行调查,对调查结果进行比较分析。结果2018-2022年成都地区医院感染率分别为1.69%、1.55%、1.68%、1.51%和1.52%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.021),呈逐年下降趋势(χ^(2)=4.660,P=0.031);2018-2022年不同规模医疗机构现患率总体差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);随着医疗机构规模增大现患率呈增加趋势(趋势卡方P<0.001);2018-2022年成都地区现患率最高的科室为综合重症监护室(ICU),分别为20.27%、21.43%、14.08%、18.68%和15.59%;感染部位以下呼吸道感染占比最高,依次占57.30%、55.50%、56.89%、55.58%和58.29%;除2018年外其余年份均呈现医疗机构规模越大抗菌药物使用率越低(P<0.05);2018-2022年成都地区抗菌药物使用呈明显下降趋势(P<0.001),大肠埃希菌对头孢他啶耐药率呈上升趋势(P=0.023)。结论近5年成都地区医院感染现患率及抗菌药物使用率呈下降趋势,但重点病原菌对部分药物耐药率呈上升趋势。OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence rate,infection departments,and antibacterial drug use in Chengdu area from 2018 to 2022,and to provide data support for horizontal comparison and implementing nosocomial infection prevention and control measures by medical institutions.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all inpatient in Chengdu area from 2018 to 2022.RESULTS The nosocomial infection rates in Chengdu were 1.69%,1.55%,1.68%,1.51%,and 1.52%,,respectively,with statistically significant differences(P=0.021),and showed a decreasing trend year by year(χ^(2)=4.660,P=0.031).The prevalence rate was significant difference(P<0.001)among medical institutions of different scales from 2018 to 2022(P<0.001).The incidence rate increased with the increase of the scale of medical institutions(chi-square for trend P<0.001).The incidence rates of comprehensive intensive care unit(ICU)in Chengdu from 2018 to 2022 were the highest,which was 20.27%,21.43%,14.08%,18.68%,and 15.59%,respectively.Lower respiratory tract infection accounted for the highest proportion,accounting for 57.30%,55.50%,56.89%,55.58%and 58.29%respectively.Except for 2018,the medical institutions with the larger scale had the lower the usage rate of antibiotics(P<0.05).The use of antibiotics in Chengdu aera showed a significant decreasing trend from 2018 to 2022(P<0.001).The drug resistance rate of Escherichia coli to ceftazidime increased(P=0.023).CONCLUSION In the past five years,the prevalence rate and the use of antibiotics in Chengdu showed a decreasing trend,but the drug resistance rate of pathogens to certain antibiotics increased.

关 键 词：医院感染 现患率 调查 抗菌药物 趋势分析 成都 

分 类 号：R183[医药卫生—流行病学]