“小说模样的文章”:周氏兄弟与中国现代“短篇小说”的文类塑造  

Articles in the Form of Novels":The Zhou Brothers and the Genre Modeling of Modern Chinese"Short Stories

作　　者：王海晗 WANG Hai-han(College of Humanities,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,浙江杭州311121

出　　处：《海南师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第4期51-60,共10页Journal of Hainan Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“清末民初本土资源与中国现代作家的文学汉语实践研究”(23CZW041)。

摘　　要：从晚清的《域外小说集》到“五四”时期的《点滴》《呐喊》,鲁迅、周作人在各自著译实践的过程中着力于凸显现代“短篇小说”的文类意识,从而构成了一条潜在的观念脉络:其核心在于“诗化”与“文章化”的统一。这种文体间的渗透造就了典型的艺术风格,能够在抒发内心抒情意识的同时兼具外在的“写实”精神。“小说模样的文章”既承接了近代西方文艺观念的启示,也是对中国传统史学资源的继承,它并不恪守固有的书写规则,而是着眼于获得自身与社会存在的关联性,这与周氏兄弟通过文学来解决社会问题的思维方式密不可分。鲁迅与周作人将“短篇小说”这一文类型塑出来并导入中国现代文学的过程体现出二者在读写层面的呼应关系,本质上是现代作家在新文学认识装置作用下共同表达“立人”思想的产物,最终目标是为了达到人生的艺术化呈现。From A Collection of Foreign Stories in the late Qing Dynasty to The Droplet and Outcry in the May 4th period,Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren focused on highlighting the genre consciousness of modern short stories in their respective writing and translation practices,thus forming a potential conceptual framework with its core being the unity of"poetization"and"literariness".This kind of intergenre infiltration has created a typical artistic style,which can express the inner emotional consciousness and meanwhile embody an external spirit of"realism"."The article in the form of a novel"not only draws inspiration from modern Western literary concepts,but also inherits traditional Chinese historical resources,for it does,instead of adhering to inherent writing rules,focus on obtaining its own connection with social existence,which is inseparable from the Zhou brothers'mode of thinking of solving social problems through literature.The process by which Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren molded and introduced the"short story"genre into modern Chinese literature reflects their corresponding relationship in terms of reading and writing,which is in essence a product of modern writers jointly expressing the idea of"cultivating people"under the influence of new literary cognitive devices,with the ultimate goal of achieving an artistic presentation of life.

关 键 词：鲁迅 周作人 短篇小说 文类 “立人” 

分 类 号：I210.97[文学—中国文学]