生物杀菌剂对2种线椒致病菌的防治作用  

Control Effects on Two Pathogenic Fungi of Pepper(Capsicum annuum)by Biological Fungicides

作　　者：王小岗 罗冬兰 黄添舆 曹森[1] WANG Xiaogang;LUO Donglan;HUANG Tianyu;CAO Sen(School of Food Science and Engineering,Guiyang College,Guiyang 550005,China;School of Biological and Environmental Engineering,Guiyang College,Guiyang 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院食品科学与工程学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2024年第8期99-107,共9页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科中引地[2022]4050);贵阳市科技计划项目(筑科合同[2022]3-17号);贵阳学院硕士研究生科研基金项目(GYU-YJS[2022]-19)。

摘　　要：为了获得贵州线椒病害生物防治的有效杀菌剂,以引起贵州线椒果实病害的病原菌灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)和禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium graminearum)为研究对象,测定4种生物杀菌剂对病原菌菌丝抑制率、室内毒力、电导率以及核酸泄露情况的影响,并开展碘化丙啶溶液(PI)染色试验探究生物杀菌剂对致病菌细胞膜完整性的影响。结果表明,4种生物杀菌剂中,0.5%苦参碱水剂对灰葡萄孢霉的抑制效果最显著,其半数最大效应浓度(EC_(50))为156.675 1 mg/L,其次为10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、4%春雷霉素水剂和28%井冈霉素可溶性粉剂,EC_(50)分别为598.681 4、1 485.473 9、2 449.178 1 mg/L;0.5%苦参碱水剂对禾谷镰刀菌的抑制效果最显著,其EC_(50)为162.536 8 mg/L,其次为10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂、28%井冈霉素可溶性水剂和4%春雷霉素水剂,EC_(50)分别为577.307 7、1 833.176 6、1 963.849 1 mg/L。致病菌经过生物杀菌剂处理后菌丝电导率增加,在8 h时OD_(260)处吸光值显著(P<0.05)高于对照(未用生物杀菌剂处理)。PI试验结果表明,生物杀菌剂对致病真菌细胞膜具有明显的损伤作用并通过破坏细胞膜完整性发挥其抑制作用。综上,0.5%苦参碱水剂和10%多抗霉素可湿性粉剂能抑制灰葡萄孢霉和禾谷镰刀菌菌丝生长,可作为灰葡萄孢霉和禾谷镰刀菌侵染引起的线椒病害的生物防治药剂。To ascertain the efficacy of various biocides as a means of biological control for diseases affecting Guizhou pepper,the pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum were selected as the research subjects,and the inhibitory efficacy of four biocides on the growth of hyphae,the virulence in an indoor environment,their conductivity,and the leakage of nucleic acids were determined.A propidium iodide solution(PI)staining test was carried out to further investigate the effects of the biocides on the cell membranes of the fungi to ascertain their effectiveness.The results demonstrated that among the four biofungicides,0.5%picrasidine aqueous solution exhibited the most significant inhibitory effect on Botrytis cinerea,with a half-maximum effect concentration(EC50)of 156.6751 mg/L.This was followed by 10%polymyxin wettable powder,4%kasugamycin aqueous solution and 28%validamycin soluble powder,with EC50 of 598.6814,1485.4739,2449.1781 mg/L,respectively.0.5%picrasidine aqueous solution exhibited the greatest inhibitory effect on Fusarium graminearum,with an EC50 of 162.5368 mg/L.This was followed by 10%polymyxin wettable powder,28%validamycin soluble powder,and 4%kasugamycin aqueous solution,with EC50 of 577.3077,1833.1766,1963.8491 mg/L.The mycelial conductivity of pathogenic fungi increased following biocide treatment,with the absorbance value at OD260 of the treated group exhibiting a significantly higher level than that of the control(untreated with biocide)at 8 h(P<0.05).The results of the PI test indicated that the biocides had an obvious damaging effect on the cell membrane of pathogenic fungi,exerting their inhibitory effect by destroying the integrity of the cell membrane.In conclusion,the results demonstrate that both 0.5%picrasidine aqueous solution and 10%polymyxin wettable powder inhibit the mycelial growth of both Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum.The two biofungicides can be employed as biocontrol agents for pepper diseases caused by Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium graminearum.

关 键 词：线椒 生物杀菌剂 致病菌 室内毒力 贵州 

分 类 号：S436.418.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]