作为分析工具的排中律  

The Law of Excluded Middle as an Analytical Tool

作　　者：杜国平[1,2] Guoping Du

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学哲学院 [2]中国社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《逻辑学研究》2024年第4期72-84,共13页Studies in Logic

基　　金：中国社会科学院实验室孵化专项“人工智能视域下逻辑推理形式复杂性研究”(2024SYFH002)。

摘　　要：排中律是逻辑三大基本规律之一。根据亚里士多德的有关思想,可以将其更具一般性地表述为:对于穷尽所有的可能,至少有一种可能存在。通过对“可能”进行纯粹理性的分析,从划分的角度,可以对逻辑三大基本规律的合理性给出一个统一的阐释,并由此揭示出违反排中律的另一种不易觉察的错误——“虚假排中”。应用排中律,重新对“‘上帝不是万能的’证明”“半费之讼”等谜题进行分析,可以发现,它们都犯了“虚假排中”的错误。排中律是理性分析的重要工具。The law of excluded middle is one of the three fundamental laws of logic.According to Aristotle’s ideas,it can be expressed more generally as follows:for the exhaustion of all possibilities,at least one possibility exists.Through a purely rational analysis of“possibility”,a unified interpretation of the reasonableness of the three fundamental laws of logic can be given from the point of view of classification,and this reveals another imperceptible error that violates the law of excluded middle-“false dilemma”.By applying the law of excluded middle,we can re-analyze such puzzles as the“proof that God is not omnipotent”and the“paradox of the court”,and find that they all make the mistake of“false dilemma”.The law of excluded middle is an important tool for rational analysis.

关 键 词：排中律 可能 虚假排中 “上帝不是万能的”证明 半费之讼 

分 类 号：B81[哲学宗教—逻辑学]