从废旧锂电池正极材料中回收镍钴锰锂的研究  

Study on the Recovery of Nickel, Cobalt, Manganese and Lithiumfrom Spent Lithium Battery Cathode Materials

作　　者：王变 李国 WANG Bian;LI Guo(MCC RAMU New Energy Technology Co.,LTD.,Tangshan 063205,China)

机构地区：[1]中冶瑞木新能源科技有限公司,河北唐山063205

出　　处：《绿色矿冶》2024年第4期24-31,共8页Sustainable Mining and Metallurgy

基　　金：中冶非钢领域重大研发项目——废旧三元动力电池短流程回收工艺中试研发。

摘　　要：提出一种新型的从废旧锂电池正极材料中回收镍、钴、锰、锂的工艺。采用两次碳热还原-湿法浸出工艺回收正极材料中的镍、钴、锰以及锂金属,并对正极材料中有价金属的回收机理及工艺进行研究。结果表明,采用两次碳热还原工艺优先提取锂金属,在焙烧温度650℃、掺碳量8%、水浸时间2 h、热解温度95℃,热解时间4 h的最佳条件下,锂回收率能达到88.7%,制备的产品碳酸锂纯度为98.84%;采用湿法浸出工艺回收镍、钴、锰有价金属,在高酸浸出工序双氧水加入量为理论量的1.2倍,浸出温度60℃,浸出时间2 h,溶液pH值1.5,除铁铝工序温度90℃、反应时间2 h,溶液pH值3.5的最佳条件下,镍、钴和锰回收率分别达到99.4%、99.5%、98.9%。A novel process for the recovery of nickel,cobalt,manganese and lithium from spent lithium battery cathode materials was proposed.Nickel,cobalt,manganese and lithium metals in cathode materials were recovered by two-step carbothermal reduction-hydrometallurgical leaching process,and the recovery mechanism and process of valuable metals in cathode materials were studied.The results show that lithium metal is preferentially extracted by two carbothermal reduction processes.Under the optimum conditions of calcination temperature 650℃,carbon content 8%,water immersion time 2 h,pyrolysis temperature 95℃and pyrolysis time 4 h,the lithium recovery rate can reach 88.7%,and the purity of lithium carbonate is 98.84%.The valuable metals of nickel,cobalt and manganese were recovered by hydrometallurgical leaching process.The valuable metals of nickel,cobalt and manganese were recovered by wet leaching process.The optimum experimental conditions of high acid leaching process were as follows:the amount of hydrogen peroxide was 1.2 times of the theoretical amount,the leaching temperature was 60℃,the leaching time was 2 h,and the pH value of the solution was 1.5.The optimum experimental conditions for the iron and aluminum removal process are temperature 90℃,reaction time 2 h,and solution pH value 3.5.Under the optimum conditions,the yields of nickel,cobalt and manganese were 99.4%,99.5%and 98.9%,respectively.

关 键 词：废旧锂电池 正极材料 碳热还原 湿法浸出 回收 

分 类 号：TF803.3[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]