植被恢复下黄土高塬沟壑区的产流机制与模式  

Changes in Runoff Generation Patterns in the Hilly⁃Gully Region of the Loess Plateau Under Vegetation Restoration

作　　者：穆兴民[1,2] 马雪燕 王双银[4] 高鹏[1,2] 孙文义 赵广举 MU Xingmin;MA Xueyan;WANG Shuangyin;GAO Peng;SUN Wenyi;ZHAO Guangju(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,CAS&MWR,Yangling 712100,China;Xinjiang Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049 [4]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第9期42-49,66,共9页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41671285,42077075,U2243211);国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目(U214320036)。

摘　　要：明确流域产流机制及产流模式是构建水文模型和土壤侵蚀模型的基础,对流域综合治理及水资源的合理开发利用等具有重要指导意义。为揭示植被恢复对黄土高原产流机制及产流模式的影响,把黄土高塬沟壑区以草地自然恢复为主的董庄沟小流域和以人工造林恢复为主的杨家沟小流域作为研究区,分析了两条对比小流域在不同降雨类型下的场次洪水过程线及其退水曲线,研究了植被恢复下黄土高塬沟壑区产流模式变化。结果表明:1)随植被覆盖度及其生态水文功能的提升,小流域的产流能力显著减弱,洪水历时延长,地表径流量占比减小,洪峰趋于坦化,尤其以人工造林恢复为主的小流域产流过程变化更为显著;2)随着植被生态水文功能的恢复,洪水径流组分不再是单一的地表超渗径流,而是逐渐转向由超渗地表径流和壤中流构成,甚至由地表饱和径流和壤中流构成,即黄土高塬沟壑区小流域产流模式有从传统的典型超渗产流逐渐向“浅层蓄满”产流转变;3)黄土高塬沟壑区产流模式的转变,能将广义的降水资源转化为土壤水和壤中流,调节径流的季节分配,有助于增加植被生态用水,促进半干旱区植被生态系统的健康和稳定发展。Understanding the mechanisms and patterns of runoff generation in watersheds is fundamental to building hydrological and soil ero⁃sion models.It also provides important guidance for watershed water resources management and rational utilization.In order to reveal the in⁃fluence of vegetation restoration on the runoff production mechanism and model of the Loess Plateau,the Dongzhuanggou watershed,which is dominated by natural grassland restoration,and the Yangjiagou watershed,which is dominated by afforestation restorationin in the gullied lo⁃ess plateaus were taken as research areas.The flood process lines and regression curves of two contrasting small catchments under different rainfall types were analyzed,and the change of runoff production pattern in the gullied region of loess plateau under vegetation restoration was studied.The results indicate that with the restoration of the watershed’s vegetation and its eco⁃hydrological functions in these small water⁃sheds,annual runoff generation capacity decreases,while water retention capacity increases.Vegetation restoration effectively reduces peak flow and prolongs flood duration,especially the recession period of the flood,thereby achieving the effect of flood mitigation.Under the influ⁃ence of vegetation restoration,the runoff generation pattern tends to shift from the traditional infiltration⁃excess runoff pattern to a shallow sub⁃surface saturation runoff pattern.This change demonstrates that vegetation restoration can effectively mitigate floods and thus play a significant role in flood control and disaster reduction.Additionally,it can efficiently transform generalized precipitation resources into soil water and in⁃terflow,regulate the seasonal distribution of streamflow,increase ecological water use,and promote the healthy and stable development of vegetation ecosystems in semi⁃arid areas.

关 键 词：植被恢复 产流机制 水土保持 生态水文 黄土高原 

分 类 号：TV121.7[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV122[农业科学—土壤学] S157.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]