不平衡输沙条件下河道断面形态调整规律试验研究  

Experimental Study on the Channel Morphological Adjustment Under Non⁃Equilibrium Sediment Transport Conditions

作　　者：杨芬娇 韩沙沙 赵连军[2,3] 常奥 YANG Fenjiao;HAN Shasha;ZHAO Lianjun;CHANG Ao(School of Water Conservancy and Transportation,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,YRCC,Zhengzhou 450003,China;Key Laboratory of Lower Yellow River Channel and Estuary Regulation,Ministry of Water Resources,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]郑州大学水利与交通学院,河南郑州450001 [2]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,河南郑州450003 [3]水利部黄河下游河道与河口治理重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2024年第9期127-131,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(52109086);国家自然科学基金黄河水科学研究联合基金资助项目(U2243219);黄河水利科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2022-03)。

摘　　要：21世纪以来,受气候变化与人类活动共同影响,进入黄河下游河道的水沙条件发生显著变化,下游河道长期处于不平衡输沙状态,横断面形态调整剧烈,直接影响河势稳定,威胁下游防洪安全。基于2001—2021年黄河下游白鹤镇—高村河段实测断面资料,在分析原型河道横断面形态参数演变特征的基础上,选取黑岗口—柳园口河段开展物理模型试验,以定量揭示不平衡输沙条件下横断面形态调整规律。原型实测资料分析发现,相对于黄河下游其他河段,花园口—夹河滩河段断面形态变化相对较大。选择花园口—夹河滩河段中典型河段为原型,采用水平比尺600、垂直比尺60构建物理模型,保持相同的初始河道边界条件,开展了2000、3000、4000、5000 m^(3)/s四级流量,不同进口含沙量条件下断面形态调整试验。试验结果表明,各测验断面基本呈现进口含沙量较小时主槽冲刷、面积增大、河相系数减小,进口含沙量较大时主槽淤积、面积减小、河相系数增大的规律。对比原型资料与试验数据发现,不平衡输沙条件下,河段尺度的断面形态参数与来沙系数相关性较好,其中主槽面积与来沙系数成指数负相关,河相系数与来沙系数成二次函数关系。Since this century,due to the dual influence of climate change and strong human activities,the water and sediment conditions en⁃tering the Lower Yellow River(LYR)have changed significantly.Consequently,the cross-sectional geometry of the LYR channel has been adjusted drastically under the long-term non-equilibrium sediment transport state,which affects river regime stability directly and threatens the flood control safety on both sides of the river seriously.In this paper,based on the measured cross-sectional data of Baihezhen-Gaocun reach of the LYR from 2001 to 2021,the evolution characteristics of the morphological parameters of cross-section were analyzed.On this ba⁃sis,Heigangkou-Liuyuankou reach was selected as the proto type and a physical model experiment was conducted,to quantitatively reveal the adjustment of cross-sectional morphology under non-equilibrium sediment transport conditions.The analysis of the prototype measurement data found that cross-sectional morphology of the Huayuankou-Jiahetan reach was more variable compared with other sections of the LYR.A typical river section in the Huayuankou-Jiahetan reach was selected as the prototype,and a physical model was constructed using a horizontal scale of 600 and a vertical scale of 60.Keeping the same initial river boundary conditions,channel morphology adjustment experiments with four types discharges of 2000 m^(3)/s,3000 m^(3)/s,4000 m^(3)/s and 5000 m^(3)/s and different inlet sediment concentration were carried out.The experiment results show that when the inlet sediment concentration is small,the main channel erosion,the area increases and the river phase coefficient decreases.When the inlet sediment concentration is large,the main channel sedimentation,the area decreases and the river phase coefficient increases.Comparing the experimental data with the prototype data,the analysis reveals that the morphological parameters at river reach scale are well correlated with the incoming sediment coefficient under non-equilibrium sediment transport

关 键 词：横断面 形态调整 不平衡输沙 物理模型试验 黄河下游 

分 类 号：TV147[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学] TV882.1