秦川肉牛选育群体生长发育性状遗传参数估计及其遗传进展分析  

Estimation of genetic parameters of growth and developmenttraits and analysis of their genetic progress inbreeding populations of Qinchuan beef cattle

作　　者：余横伟 梅楚刚 王洪宝[1] 成功[1] 杨武才[1] 李安宁[1] 赵春平[1] 昝林森[1,3] YU Hengwei;MEI Chugang;WANG Hongbao;CHENG Gong;YANG Wucai;LI Anning;ZHAO Chunping;ZAN Linsen(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Grassland Agriculture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;National Beef Cattle Improvement Center,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学草业与草原学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]国家肉牛改良中心,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第9期11-18,29,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系项目(CARS-37);陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022NY-050,2022ZDLNY01-01);中央引导地方专项(2060404-51301);陕西省畜禽育种“两链融合”重点专项(2022GD-TSLD-46-0102,2022GD-TSLD-46-0104)。

摘　　要：【目的】对国家肉牛改良中心选育的秦川牛肉用新品系(以下简称秦川肉牛)群体近10年不同生长阶段的体质量和日增体质量性状的遗传参数进行估计,进而得出其在2013-2021年取得的遗传进展。【方法】对440头秦川肉牛的相关数据进行整理,采用一般线性模型分析性别、出生年份和出生季节3个固定效应对秦川肉牛各阶段体质量和日增体质量表型值的影响。同时结合系谱数据,采用ASReml-R多性状动物模型估计秦川肉牛各阶段体质量和日增体质量表型值、育种值和残差的方差组分,计算遗传力、表型相关系数和遗传相关系数,估计其遗传进展。【结果】固定效应(性别效应、出生年份效应和出生季节效应)对秦川肉牛各阶段体质量和日增体质量表型值具有显著或极显著影响。秦川肉牛各阶段体质量性状间和日增体质量性状间均呈现正的遗传相关。随着年份的推移,秦川肉牛各阶段体质量和日增体质量的表型值均呈现上升趋势;育种值也呈现波动性上升趋势。秦川肉牛选育群体初生体质量及6,12,18和24月龄体质量的遗传力估计值分别是0.45,0.45,0.48,0.53和0.34,年平均遗传进展分别为0.53,3.15,0.17,4.76和3.50 kg/头;0~6、6~12、12~18、18~24月龄日增体质量的遗传力估计值分别为0.46,0.59,0.24和0.39,年平均遗传进展分别为0.0100,0.0040,0.0060和0.0023 kg/头。【结论】秦川肉牛各月龄体质量性状遗传进展与中国西门塔尔牛接近,而日增体质量性状遗传进展仍有差距,选育效果明显。【Objective】The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters and genetic progress of body weight and average daily gain of a new Qinchuan cattle line(hereinafter referred to as Qinchuan beef cattle)at different stages of breeding populations in past 10 years in the experiment farm of the National Beef Cattle Improvement Center from 2013 to 2021.【Method】Data of 440 Qinchuan beef ca-ttle were collected and a general linear model was used to analyze the impact of three fixed effects(gender,birth year and birth season)on phenotypic values of body weight and average daily gain of Qinchuan beef cattle at different stages.In conjunction with pedigree data,the ASReml-R multi-trait animal model was used to estimate the variance components for phenotype values,breeding values and residuals of body weight and average daily gain of Qinchuan beef cattle at different stages,calculate heritability,phenotype correlation coefficients and genetic correlation coefficients,and estimate genetic progress.【Result】The fixed effects(gender effect,birth year effect and birth season effect)had significant or extremely significant impacts on phenotype values of body weight and average daily gain of Qinchuan beef cattle at different stages.There were positive genetic correlations between body weight traits and daily weight gain traits of Qinchuan beef cattle at each stage.With the passage of years,the phenotypic values of body weight and daily gain of Qinchuan beef cattle at various stages showed same upward trends,while the breeding value showed fluctuating upward trends.The estimated heritability values for birth weight,6-month weight,12-month weight,18-month weight and 24-month weight were 0.45,0.45,0.48,0.53 and 0.34,and mean genetic gain values were 0.53,3.15,0.17,4.76 and 3.50 kg per cow,respectively.The estimated heritability values of average daily gain during birth to six months,6-12 months,12-18 months,and 18-24 months were 0.46,0.59,0.24 and 0.39,and average genetic gain values were 0.0100,0.0040,0.0060

关 键 词：秦川肉牛 遗传参数 遗传力 遗传进展 

分 类 号：S823.32[农业科学—畜牧学]