北方寒旱区甘蓝型冬油菜的春化特性与抗寒性  

Vernalization characteristics and cold resistance of winter rapeseed( Brassica napus L.) in cold and arid regions in Northern China

作　　者：刘海卿 李静 刘海霞 王燕琴 周莹莹 张忠财 苏芸芸 孙于卜 孙万仓[3] LIU Haiqing;LI Jing;LIU Haixia;WANG Yanqin;ZHOU Yingying;ZHANG Zhongcai;SU Yunyun;SUN Yubu;SUN Wancang(Gansu Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization for Biological Resources and Ecological Restoration,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;College of Life Sciences and Technology,Longdong University,Qingyang,Gansu 745000,China;College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University/Gansu Engineering Research Center of Rapeseed,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省陇东生物资源保护利用与生态修复重点实验室,甘肃庆阳745000 [2]陇东学院生命科学与技术学院,甘肃庆阳745000 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院/甘肃省油菜工程研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第9期62-71,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RM205);甘肃省教育科技创新项目(2023B-216);陇东学院青年博士基金项目(XYBYZK2209,XYBY202002)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究甘蓝型冬油菜春化特性与抗寒性的关系,为超强抗寒甘蓝型冬油菜品种的选育和抗寒性评价提供理论依据。【方法】以强冬性品种16-2444、17-2251,冬性品种天油14号、天油2238,弱冬性品种甘杂9号、秦早1号等6个甘蓝型冬油菜品种为材料,通过春播,测定春化率、株高标准化值,分析春化特性;秋播冬前测定株高、根长、根颈直径、生物量,并统计越冬率,同时结合低温发芽试验,利用抗寒系数和综合抗寒系数对品种抗寒性进行评价,利用相关性分析研究品种春化特性与抗寒性之间的关系。【结果】6个甘蓝型冬油菜越冬率为20.9%~74.4%,根颈直径为10.7~18.0 mm,根鲜质量为9.3~23.2 g/株;4℃发芽率为26.4%~56.4%,各品种发芽率由高到低依次为17-2251>16-2444>天油14>天油2238>甘杂9号>秦早1号。6个甘蓝型冬油菜春播的春化率为0~79.3%;株高标准化值为0.017~0.892,其变化趋势由高到低依次表现为秦早1号、甘杂9号>天油2238>天油14号>16-2444>17-2251。通过计算综合春化系数和综合抗寒系数对其抗寒性进行综合评价,其中17-2251和16-2444为抗寒性品种,天油14号和天油2238为弱抗寒性品种,甘杂9号和秦早1号为不抗寒品种。相关性分析结果表明,综合抗寒系数与越冬率、根颈直径、4℃发芽期抗寒系数、根鲜质量呈极显著正相关关系,与地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量、根干质量呈显著正相关关系,与春播综合春化系数、春化率、株高标准化值呈显著或极显著负相关关系。【结论】强冬性品种16-2444和17-2251可在北方寒旱区种植,越冬率、低温冻害前根颈直径大小、根鲜质量、4℃发芽率、春播春化率是北方地区强抗寒性甘蓝型冬油菜新品种选育和抗寒性评价的可靠指标。【Objective】The study on the relationships between vernalization characteristics and cold resistance of winter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)aims to provide basis for breeding winter rapeseed with strong cold resistance and evaluating cold resistance.【Method】In this study,strong winterness varieties 16-2444 and 17-2251,good winterness varieties Tianyou 14 hao and Tianyou 2238,and weak winterness varieties Ganza 9 hao and Qinzao 1 hao were selected,and vernalization rates and standardized heights were measured after spring sowing.Overwintering rates and cold resistance related parameters including plant heights,root lengths,root neck diameters and biomass prior to winter were measured after autumn sowing.Low temperature germination experiment was conducted to evaluate cold resistance of these rapeseeds using cold resistance coefficients and comprehensive cold resistance coefficients.Correlation analysis was also performed to analyze the relationship between vernalization characteristics and cold resistance of varieties.【Result】The overwintering rates of six winter rapeseeds were 20.9%-74.4%,diameters of root neck were 10.7-18.0 mm,fresh matter accumulations of roots were 9.3-23.2 g/plant,and germination rates at 4℃were 26.4%-56.4%.The indicators of six winter rapeseeds were in the decreasing order of 17-2251>16-2444>Tianyou 14 hao>Tianyou 2238>Ganza 9 hao>Qinzao 1 hao.The vernalization rates were 0-79.3%and standardized plant heights were 0.017-0.892 for seeds sowed in spring,with decreasing order of Qinzao 1 or Ganza 9 hao>Tianyou 2238>Tianyou 14 hao>16-2444>17-2251.Based on comprehensive evaluation using comprehensive vernalization coefficients and comprehensive cold resistance coefficients,17-2251 and 16-2444 were cold resistance varieties,Tianyou 14 hao and Tianyou 2238 were weak cold resistance varieties,while Ganza 9 hao and Qinzao 1 hao had no cold resistance.The correlation analysis showed that the comprehensive cold resistance coefficient had extremely significant positive correlation with overw

关 键 词：甘蓝型冬油菜 春化特性 抗寒性 北方寒旱区 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]