甘肃静宁早熟苹果品种最佳采收期研究  

Study of optimal harvesting periods for early-maturingapple varieties in Jingning,Gansu

作　　者：冯童 贺雅娟 马宗桓 毛娟 陈佰鸿 FENG Tong;HE Yajuan;MA Zonghuan;MAO Juan;CHEN Baihong(College of Horticulture,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070,China;Gansu Yasheng Potato Group CO.,LTD,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学园艺学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃亚盛薯业集团有限责任公司,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第9期72-85,共14页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1602106);甘肃省科技重大专项(22ZD6NA045)。

摘　　要：【目的】对甘肃静宁地区4个苹果品种在不同采收期的果实品质指标进行分析,明确各品种的最佳采收期,为苹果优质生产提供数据支撑。【方法】以甘肃静宁地区标准化果园管理条件下的‘嘎啦’‘美国8号’‘红露’和‘艾斯达’4个早熟苹果品种为研究对象,在果实进入成熟期(花后95 d)后每隔5 d取1次样,测算各时期单果质量、果实纵横径、果心大小、可食比、硬度及可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、淀粉、总酚、花青素含量和糖酸组分及其含量等14项品质指标,并进行聚类分析。【结果】4个苹果品种单果质量和果实纵横径均随着采样期的推迟而增加,其中‘嘎啦’和‘美国8号’在花后125 d达到最大,单果质量和果实横径分别为166.33,229.23 g和74.90,86.34 mm;‘红露’和‘艾斯达’分别在花后120和135 d达到最大,单果质量和果实横径分别为207.97,307.90 g和75.49,94.10 mm。4种苹果果实果心在成熟过程中逐渐增大,但‘嘎啦’和‘美国8号’果心大小变化不显著。‘美国8号’和‘红露’在花后120 d可食比最大,而‘嘎啦’和‘艾斯达’可食比在果实成熟过程中无显著变化。随采收期的推迟,4个苹果品种果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白含量和果皮花青素相对含量呈持续上升趋势,而果实硬度、可滴定酸、淀粉和果皮总酚含量持续下降。‘嘎啦’‘美国8号’‘红露’和‘艾斯达’果实中含有果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和山梨糖醇4种可溶性糖,其含量总体均随采收期的推迟而呈上升趋势,其中果糖在不同品种果实中含量最高,其甜度值分别在花后120,125,120和135 d达到最大值143.724,162.730,198.418和118.783。‘嘎啦’‘美国8号’‘红露’和‘艾斯达’果实中含有草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、苹果酸、抗坏血酸、乙酸、柠檬酸7种有机酸,其含量总体均随采收【Objective】This study analyzed the fruit quality indexes of 4 apple varieties in different harvesting periods in Jingning,Gansu to determine the best harvesting period of each variety and provide su-pport for high-quality apple production.【Method】Four early-maturing apple varieties including‘Gala’,‘American No.8’,‘Honglu’and‘Asda’were selected under standardized orchard management in Jing-ning,and samples were taken every 5 days after fruits entered maturity stage(95 d after flowering).A total of 14 quality indexes including single fruit mass,fruit diameter,fruit core size,edible ratio,hardness,soluble solid,soluble sugar,soluble protein,titrable acid,starch,total phenol,anthocyanin content and contents of sugar and acid components were measured and analyzed in each period.【Result】Single fruit weight and transverse diameter of the four cultivars increased with the extension of sampling period.Single fruit weight and transverse diameter of‘Gala’and‘American No.8’fruits reached the maximum values of 166.33 and 229.23 g and 74.90 and 86.34 mm at 125 days after flowering.‘Honglu’and‘Asda’fruits reached their maximum at 120 and 135 days after anthesis,with single fruit weight and transverse diameter of 207.97 and 307.90 g and 75.49 and 94.10 mm,respectively.Core sizes of apple fruits gradually increased during ripening,but those of‘Gala’and‘American No.8’did not change significantly.Edible ratios of‘American No.8’and‘Honglu’were the highest at 120 days after flowering,while those of‘Gara’and‘Asda’had no significant change during fruit ripening.With the increase of fruit maturity,contents of soluble solid,total soluble sugar,soluble protein and relative contents of anthocyanins in fruit peels of the four apple varieties continued to increase,while contents of fruit hardness,titrable acid,starch and total phenolic continued to decrease.Fruits of‘Gala’,‘American No.8’,‘Honglu’and‘Asda’contained four soluble sugar kinds of fructose,glucose

关 键 词：黄土高原 苹果栽培 果实品质 甘肃静宁 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]