生草对苹果园土壤养分、酶活性及细菌群落的影响  

Effects of grass on soil nutrients,enzyme activities and bacterialcommunity in apple orchard

作　　者：张朋朋 胡雯 管增辉 王朝 马学海 邹养军[1] ZHANG Pengpeng;HU Wen;GUAN Zenghui;WANG Zhao;MA Xuehai;ZOU Yangjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Yulin Fruit Industry Development Center,Yulin,Shaanxi 719400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]榆林市果业发展中心,陕西榆林719400

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第9期86-96,共11页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CARS-27);陕西省科技重大专项(2020zdzx03-01-01)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究陕北榆林山地苹果园种植不同草种对土壤理化性质以及细菌群落的影响,筛选适宜榆林山地气候条件的草种,为山地苹果园生草及土壤有效管理提供试验依据。【方法】以2年生优系苹果为试材,在行间种植三叶草(Trifolium repens L.)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)和紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.),以传统清耕为对照,研究不同生草处理对苹果园0~20和20~40 cm土层土壤理化性质(pH,有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,含水量,体积质量)、酶活性(β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、纤维二糖水解酶(CBH)和β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG))及细菌群落的影响。【结果】在0~20和20~40 cm土层,与清耕处理相比,生草处理降低了山地苹果园土壤pH和体积质量,其中紫花苜蓿处理土壤pH和体积质量降低幅度最大,其次是三叶草和黑麦草。在0~20和20~40 cm土层,与清耕处理相比,生草处理提高了土壤含水量以及有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量,增加土壤βG、AKP、CBH和NAG活性,其中紫花苜蓿处理的效果较佳。在0~20和20~40 cm土层,不同生草处理的OTUs数、香浓(Shannon)指数、辛普森(Simpson)指数、Chao1指数、PD指数均高于清耕处理,其中黑麦草处理各指标均较高,其次是紫花苜蓿。在0~40 cm土层,不同生草处理与清耕处理土壤细菌门和属水平优势菌群相对丰度差异较大;与清耕处理相比,黑麦草处理土壤细菌部分属水平优势菌群相对丰度明显增加,对细菌优势属的提升效果最为明显,紫花苜蓿次之,三叶草作用效果较差。【结论】综合来看,陕北榆林山地苹果园行间种植紫花苜蓿的处理效果最佳,可显著提高土壤综合肥力。【Objective】This study investigated the effects of different grass species on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in mountainous apple orchards in Yulin and screened grass species suitable for local climatic conditions to provide basis for effective grass and soil management.【Method】A two-year-old apple orchard was selected and white clover,ryegrass and alfalfa were planted between rows.Using traditional clean tillage as the control,the effects of different grass treatments on soil physicochemical properties(pH,contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available kalium and water,and volume mass),enzyme activities(β-1,4-glucosidase(βG),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),cellobiohydrolase(CBH)andβ-1,4-N-acetylglucosidase(NAG))and bacterial communities in soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were studied.【Result】In the soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm,pH and volume mass of soil in the mountainous apple orchard were decreased by grass treatments in comparison with the control,with the largest decreases in alfalfa treatment,followed by whitetip clover and ryegrass.In the soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm,grass treatments increased contents of soil water,organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and the activities ofβG,AKP,CBH and NAG in soil were increased,with the best effects in alfalfa treatment.In the soil layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm,the OTUs index,Shannon index,Simpson index,Chao1 index and PD index of different grass treatments were higher than those of the control,with the highest in ryegrass treatment,followed by alfalfa treatment.In 0-40 cm soil layer,the relative abundance of dominant bacterial groups of phylum and genus under diffe-rent grass treatments and the control was significantly different.Compared with the control,the relative abundance of some dominant bacteria groups in ryegrass treatment was significantly increased with the best improvement on dominant bacteria,followed by alfalfa and whitetip clover.【Conclusion】Comprehe

关 键 词：山地苹果园 生草 土壤肥力 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物 陕北榆林 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]