含铀废水的危害及其重要处理技术研究进展  

Harm of uranium-containing wastewater and researchprogress of important processing technology

作　　者：马梦月 杨仕仪 MA Mengyue;YANG Shiyi(State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China;CGN Cangnan Nuclear Power Co.Ltd.,Wenzhou 325800,China)

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学核科学与工程学院核资源与环境国家重点实验室,江西南昌330013 [2]中广核苍南核电有限公司,浙江温州325800

出　　处：《有色设备》2024年第4期34-43,64,共11页Nonferrous Metallurgical Equipment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41761090,41662024);江西省教育厅资助项目(20171ACB20021);江西省研究生科技创新项目(YC2023-S563);核资源与环境国家重点实验室开放基金(2022NRE20)资助。

摘　　要：核能的快速发展产生了大量的低浓度含铀废水,水体中U(VI)对人体和生态环境均会造成危害。随着我国对环境保护的重视,研究与开发绿色、高效、成本低的水处理技术用于去除水中的U(VI)成为重点方向。本文综述了水中U(VI)的常用处理技术,包括化学沉淀法、蒸发浓缩法、离子交换法、膜处理法、萃取处理法、电化学法、光催化法、植物修复法和吸附法等,并分析了其存在的问题,以期为水中U(VI)的处理提供技术与理论指导。The rapid development of nuclear energy has generated a large amount of low-concentration uranium-containing wastewater,and U(VI)in water will cause harm to human body and ecological environment.With the emphasis on environmental protection in China,research and development of green,low-cost,and efficient water treatment technologies for removing U(VI)in water has become a key direction.This study investigates and evaluates various prevalent U(VI)water treatment technologies,encompassing methods such as chemical precipitation,evaporation concentration,ion exchange,membrane filtration,extraction processes,electrochemical treatment,photocatalysis,phytoremediation,and adsorption.Through the detailed analysis and problem elucidation,this research aims to offer technical and theoretical insights for enhancing U(VI)treatment in water.

关 键 词：铀去除 废水处理 沉淀 蒸发 离子交换 膜处理 联合处理 植物修复 

分 类 号：X753[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TF88[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]