论适用刑事案例符合罪刑法定原则  

On the Application of Criminal Precedents in Accordance with the Principle of Legality

作　　者：雷槟硕 LEI Bin-shuo(School of Law,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200433)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院,上海200433

出　　处：《新疆大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期102-109,共8页Journal of Xinjiang University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“类案裁判方法及其改进研究”(23CFX079)。

摘　　要：法官在审理刑事案件时适用刑事案例并不违背罪刑法定原则。文章认为适用刑事案例违背罪刑法定原则主要受两种观点影响:其一,罪刑法定成文法主义。这种观点将罪刑法定的“法”/法源理解为制定法,混淆了法源与法律形式,忽略了判例法同样存在罪刑法定原则,以及作为一般法理论的法源理论与罪刑法定原则不因法系变化而变化的共通性。其二,案例类比推理属于类推。这种观点将类比推理与类推解释、类推适用错误等置,但罪刑法定原则的形式倾向与实质倾向都不必然反对案例适用。相反,可以在方法论上融贯刑事案例适用与罪刑法定原则,推进刑事案例适用:将刑事案例附着于刑法及其法律解释,将类比推理附着于演绎推理,以及基于形式正义原则与案例之间的事实要点相似性解决案例适用的可普遍性问题。The application of criminal precedents by judges does not violate the principle of legality(PL)in the trial of criminal cases.The belief that the application of criminal precedents violates PL of crime and punishment is mainly influenced by two perspectives.Firstly,the statutory doctrine of PL.This viewpoint interprets the"law"/legal source of PL as enacted law,confuses the legal source and legal form,neglects the existence of PL in case law,and the commonality between the theory of legal source as a general legal theory and PL that does not vary with changes in legal systems.Secondly,case analogy reasoning belongs to analogy.This viewpoint places analogical reasoning on a par with analogical interpretation and errors in the application of analogies;However,the formal and substantive tendencies of PL do not necessarily oppose the application of precedents.On the contrary,the application of criminal precedents can be integrated with PL in methodology to promote the application of criminal precedents,attaching criminal precedents to criminal law and its legal interpretations,attaching analogical reasoning to deductive reasoning,and solving the universality problem of case application based on the similarity of factual points between formal justice principles and cases.

关 键 词：刑事案例 法源 罪刑法定 类推 相似性判断 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]