不同水草种植模式对中华绒螯蟹扣蟹池塘 养殖性能的影响  

Effects of different macrophytes planting modes on pond cultureperformance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

作　　者：梁梓龙 解志龙 葛家春[3] 马行空[3] 姜晓东 吴旭干[1] LIANG Zilong;XIE Zhilong;GE Jiachun;MA Xingkong;JIANG Xiaodong;WU Xugan(College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Fisheries Research Institute and Shanghai Fisheries Technical Extension Station,Shanghai 200433,China;Jiangsu Provincial Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute,Nanjing 210017,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海市水产研究所/上海市水产技术推广站,上海200433 [3]江苏省淡水水产研究所,南京210017

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第5期43-50,共8页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省农业农村厅种业振兴揭榜挂帅项目(JBGS[2021]127);常州市农业科技创新和示范推广项目(KCSF[2023]08);江苏常州市金坛区农业农村局科技项目(JTNL2019001);江苏省现代农业重点项目(BE2019393)。

摘　　要：为探究不同水草种植模式对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)扣蟹池塘养殖性能的影响,本实验于2022年比较了[水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides)单一种植、水花生和黄花水龙(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi)1∶1种植、黄花水龙单一种植]三种水草种植模式下扣蟹的栖息选择性、生长性能、最终养殖效果和规格分布差异情况。结果显示:(1)黄花水龙的生长速度显著快于水花生且黄花水龙中栖息扣蟹的平均体质量显著高于水花生中栖息的扣蟹,但黄花水龙中栖息扣蟹的数量明显较低;(2)在整个养殖阶段,黄花水龙组扣蟹的生长速度最快,其次为1∶1种植组,水花生组扣蟹生长速度最慢;(3)水花生组扣蟹具有成活率高、一龄性早熟率低以及残蟹率低等特点,但1∶1种植组产量最高;(4)规格分布方面,各组扣蟹体质量主要集中于6.00~8.99 g和9.00~11.99 g这两个规格区间内,黄花水龙组扣蟹在9.00~11.99 g、12.00~14.99 g和≥15 g这三个区间内的比例均高于另外两组。综上所述,在中华绒螯蟹扣蟹养殖阶段,池塘种植黄花水龙较水花生能使扣蟹的平均体质量得到提高,但是其产量以及成活率会降低,二者搭配使用可取得更高的产量。Alternanthera philoxeroides is the most commonly used aquatic plant in the juvenile crab pond culture process,its community can be formed on the water surface,on which crabs like to perch and feed and the roots of A.philoxeroides are the high-quality bait for crabs.In recent years,due to the frequent insect infestation of A.philoxeroides,the pond culture performance of juvenile crab are greatly affected and it is urgent to find high-quality aquatic plants that can replace A.philoxeroides.Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi has a similar structure with A.philoxeroides and it has a faster growth rate,strong vitality and better ability to remove ammonia and nitrogen from water.The experiment was conducted to compare the habitat selectivity,growth performance,final culture performance and body weight distribution of crab cultured under three planting modes(single planting of A.philoxeroides,A.philoxeroides and J.stipulacea 1∶1 planting,single planting of J.stipulacea)to explore the effects of different macrophytes planting modes on culture performance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis.The results showed that the growth rate of J.stipulacea was significantly faster than that of A.philoxeroides.The average body weight of resident crabs in J.stipulacea were significantly higher than that of A.philoxeroides.However,the number of resident crabs in J.stipulacea were significantly lower.In the whole culture stage,the growth rate of crab in J.stipulacea groupwas the fastest,followed by that in 1∶1 planting treatment,and the growth rate of crab in A.philoxeroides group was the slowest.Juvenile crabs in A.philoxeroides group were characterized by high survival rate,low precocious puberty rate and low disability rate,but the 1∶1 planting group had the highest yield.In terms of body weight distribution,the body weight of crabs in each group was mainly concentrated in 6.00-8.99 g and 9.00-11.99 g intervals,and the proportion of crabs in 9.00-11.99 g,12.00-14.99 g and≥15 g intervals was higher in J.stipulacea group.I

关 键 词：中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis) 扣蟹养殖 养殖性能 水花生(Alternanthera philoxeroides) 黄花水龙(Jussiaea stipulacea Ohwi) 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]