氨氮对幼鲫鳃组织及其非特异性免疫指标的影响  

Effects of chronic ammonia nitrogen toxicity on the gilltissues and non-specific immune indexes of juvenile Crucian auratus

作　　者：胡雅菲 贾欣 耿志远 陈晨 张月 刘少贞 宋晶[1] HU Yafei;JIA Xin;GENG Zhiyuan;CHEN Chen;ZHANG Yue;LIU Shaozhen;SONG Jing(College of Animal Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,Shanxi,China;Institute of Applied Biology,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 038000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学动物科学学院,山西晋中030801 [2]山西大学应用生物学研究所,太原038000

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第5期59-68,共10页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：山西省“1331工程”重点学科建设计划(J201911306);山西省自然科学基金资助项目(201601D202078)。

摘　　要：为探究氨氮对鲫(Carassius auratus)幼鱼的慢性毒性效应,以及对鳃组织结构和非特异性免疫指标的影响,本实验选用健康幼鲫,随机分为8组,分别饲养于自来水(对照组)与NH 4Cl质量浓度为160~720 mg/L的水环境中,进行急性毒性实验,得出96 h半致死浓度(LC 50)和安全浓度(SC),并以此为基础进行慢性毒性实验,NH 4Cl质量浓度分别为0、6、15、24 mg/L,实验期为60 d。结果显示:(1)氨氮对幼鲫96 h的LC 50为289.29 mg/L(95%置信区间264.08~316.90 mg/L),SC为28.90 mg/L。(2)鳃组织的病理变化主要为鳃丝充血,鳃小片变短变粗、卷曲,泌氯细胞增生,柱状细胞变形,氨氮对鳃组织的损伤程度具有剂量效应和时间效应。(3)各氨氮组的鳃组织酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性高于对照组但差异不显著,氨氮组的碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著高于对照组。随着暴露时间延长,相同浓度组ACP、AKP酶活性呈升高趋势,ALT、AST、SOD、CAT呈先升高后降低趋势。综上结果表明,氨氮胁迫会抑制幼鲫生长,损伤鳃组织,并伤害抗氧化系统和非特异性免疫功能。This experiment was conducted to investigate the acute toxic effects of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile Carassius auratus and its impact on the gill tissue structure and non-specific immune indices.Healthy juvenile crucians were randomly divided into seven groups,which were fed in the water environment with the mass concentration of NH 4 Cl ranging from 160 mg/L to 720 mg/L for acute toxicity test.The 96 h LC 50 and SC were obtained and the chronic toxicity test was carried out based on the previous results.The concentrations of NH 4 Cl were 0,6,15 and 24 mg/L,respectively,and the experiment lasted for 60 days.The results showed that the 96 h LC 50 of ammonia nitrogen for juvenile crucians was 289.29 mg/L(95%confidence 264.08~316.90 mg/L),and SC was 28.9 mg/L.The pathological changes of gill tissue were mainly congestion of gill filaments,shortening and curled gill lamella,proliferation of chlorine-secreting cells,and deformation of columnar cells.The degree of ammonia nitrogen damage to gill tissue had dose and time effects.The activity of acid phosphatase(ACP)in the gill tissue of each ammonia nitrogen group was higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference.The activities of alkaline phosphatase(AKP),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the ammonia nitrogen group were significantly higher than those in the control group.With the extension of exposure time,the enzyme activities of ACP and AKP in the same concentration group showed an increasing trend,while ALT,AST,SOD and CAT increased first and then decreased.In conclusion,ammonia nitrogen stress could inhibit the growth of juvenile crucian carp and damage gill tissues.The degree of damage was positively correlated with stress concentration and time,damaging the antioxidant system and non-specific immune function.

关 键 词：氨氮 鲫(Carassius auratus) 鳃 组织结构 非特异性免疫 

分 类 号：S965.117[农业科学—水产养殖]