瓦氏雅罗鱼3个养殖群体种质差异分析  

Analysis of germplasm difference in the three cultured populationsof Leuciscus waleckii

作　　者：艾克达·热合曼 黄晶 邹宇婷 张立民[1] 常玉梅[1] AIKEDA Reheman;HUANG Jing;ZOU Yuting;ZHANG Limin;CHANG Yumei(National&Local United Engineering Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Breeding/Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Biotechnology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Fish Stress Resistance Breeding and Germplasm Characteristics on Special Habitats/Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning,China;College of Fisheries and Life Science,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,淡水鱼类育种国家地方联合工程实验室,农业农村部淡水水产生物技术与遗传育种重点实验室,黑龙江省特殊生境鱼类种质特性与抗逆育种重点实验室,哈尔滨150070 [2]大连海洋大学水产与生命学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2024年第5期81-91,共11页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32273120);中央级科研院所基本业务费专项(2023TD22)。

摘　　要：对国内3个不同养殖群体瓦氏雅罗鱼的生长可量性状、抗氧化酶活性、肌肉营养成分、群体遗传多样性和遗传结构,采用凯氏定氮、索氏抽提和水解氨基酸等现行国家标准进行分析与评价,旨在为瓦氏雅罗鱼优异种质的筛选、新品种选育及池塘养殖提供数据支撑。结果表明,3个养殖群体的瓦氏雅罗鱼生长情况良好,且在平均体重、平均体长和平均全长无明显差异;在抗氧化酶活方面,肇东(ZD)群体过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)均高于呼兰(HL)和沈阳(SY)群体,说明酶活性受不同养殖环境、喂食的饲料以及种质因素的影响;各种质群体水分(73.9~76.3%)、灰分(1.17~1.37%)、粗蛋白含量(16.70~19.57%)和粗脂肪含量(1.90~7.70%)有显著差异;3个群体瓦氏雅罗鱼中共检测出17种氨基酸,总量(TAA)为13.96%~15.76%;ZD群体EAAI指数(64.83)、AAS(6.5)和CS(4.82)评分均高于HL和SY群体;23种脂肪酸中包括7种饱和脂肪(SFA)、6种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和10种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),其含量分别为0.39%~1.36%、0.71%~3.74%、0.48%~2.08%;通过全基因组测序(WGS),在全基因组水平检测SNP,进而计算群体遗传学参数,用以评估群体遗传多样性水平。研究结果表明,3个养殖群体瓦氏雅罗鱼的遗传多样性水平较低,应针对此现象采取科学有效的措施,加强瓦氏雅罗鱼渔业资源的保护和修复。综上所述,3个群体瓦氏雅罗鱼肌肉营养成分较均衡,符合FAO/WHO标准,均为符合人们营养需求的优质蛋白质,其中ZD和HL群体的瓦氏雅罗鱼肉质更鲜美多汁,可作为瓦氏雅罗鱼繁育以及新品种培育的优质资源。Three groups of Leuciscus waleckii from different locations,including Hulan Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Fisheries Sciences Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute(HL),Zhaodong Nashui Agricultural Development Company Limited(ZD),and Shenyang Jinrun Freshwater Fish Farm(SY)were selected respectively,to provide primary data for the growth measurable traits,antioxidant enzyme activities,muscle nutrient evaluation,population genetic diversity,genetic structure analysis,and new species breeding of pond-cultured L.waleckii.The general nutrient contents of L.waleckii muscle,such as moisture,ash crude fat,amino acid,and fatty acid contents were determined by using the national standards,including the Kjeldahl method,soxhlet extractor method,and hydrolyzed amino acid,and the genetic diversity was calculated through sequencing,which systematically analyze and evaluate L.waleckii from the three different breeding groups in China.The results showed that the three culture groups,HL,ZD,and SY grew well and did not significantly differ in mean body weight,mean body length and mean overall length.Regarding immune enzyme activities,catalase activity(CAT)and total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)were higher in the ZD group than in the HL and SY groups.It indicated that enzyme activity was affected by different breeding environments,feed and germplasm factors.Moisture(73.9%~76.3%),ash(1.17%~1.37%),crude protein content(16.70%~19.57%),and crude fat content(1.90%~7.70%)were significantly different in the three groups.A total of 17 kinds of amino acids were detected in the three populations of L.waleckii,with a total amount of amino acid(TAA)of 13.96%~15.76%.The EAAI index(64.83),AAS(6.5)and CS(4.82)scores of the ZD population were all higher than those of the HL and SY populations.The 23 kinds of fatty acids include seven kinds of saturated fats(SFA),six kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA),and ten kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),whose contents are 0.39%~1.36%,0.71%~3.74%,and 0.48%~2.08%respectively.Thr

关 键 词：瓦氏雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii) 抗氧化酶活性 肌肉营养成分 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S965.9[农业科学—水产养殖]